TELE 3010: Test 1
52 Cards in this Set
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Radio inventors
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James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz
showed existence of electromagnetic radiations
- enerygy waves that raveled through space
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Marconi
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built the first radio transmitter and receiver
- first wireless transmission
sent first transatlantic wireless transmission in Dec 1901
- only sent dots and dashes
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Reginald Fessenden
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built high-speed alternator that allowed for the generation of a continuous radio wave that could be transformed to carry speech
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Lee De Forest
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invented the Audion, which allowed for the amplification of week radio signals
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Radio hold up
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legal problems of patents between Marconi and ather companies (G.E., AT&T and Westinghouse) held up the development of radio
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World war 1
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the government gave control of the radio to the navy for national interests
national security concerns prompted gov to nationalize radio and restrict it to wartime communications
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RCA
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Radio Corporation of America
took control of the radio after WW1
made negations between US gov, Marconi company and American corporations
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Birth of radio stations
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frank conrad and KDKA in pittsburgh
created first viable broadcast service
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HAMS
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large cadre of amateur radio enthusiast
several hundred thousand strong by 1912, turned to coast to coast party lines
white, middle-class males
1920's women emerged on the scene
forwarded S.O.S. signals boosed HAMS personas
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Development of advertising
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"toll broadcasting"
by 1929, advertisers were spending $20 million on radio advertising
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NBC
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led by David Sarnoff
set up by RCA in 1926 to seperate the parent company from broadcast operation
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CBS
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led by William Paley in 1927
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Impact of radio
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national advertising
creation of celebrity culture
media and politics
- FDR's fireside chats
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Radio Act of 1927
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created because of problems with radio interference and competing channels
said radio is a national resource, it operates in the public interest and that government censorship is forbidden
established the Federal Radio Commission
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Communications Act of 1934
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replaced the FRC with FCC
FCC: Federal Communications Commission
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"Golden age of Radio"
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between 1930-1950
more stations, bigger audiences
from 46% of homes having radios to 97%
popular programs like "war of the worlds" by orson welles
WW2: acted as a source of news
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Sounds of early radio
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entertainment
- sci fi drama: dimension x in 1950, NBC
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1912 Radio act
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licensing of all radio operators
put airwaves into separate sections for different types of users
amateurs were only allowed to transmit via short wave radio
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Media events in early radio
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hindenburg crash
challenger explosion- 1986
Polly Phelps drowning in well
chile miner's rescue, 2010
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Radio adjusts to TV in 1050's
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decline of radio nets as mass market advertising moved to TV
format radio developed: top 40, clssics, DJ and recorded musi
ties formed between radio stations and recording industry, helped sell records
localization of radio stations to attract local advertisers
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1960's radio developments
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transistor, 1960's
growth of FM; development of niche audiences
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Transistor
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tiny device that replaced the vacuum tube and allowed for radios to be smaller and mobile
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Looking
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the social practice of power
world organized around visual and spatial cues
looking involves relationship of power
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Their first murder
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by Weegee or Arthur Felig; 1945
different perspective of people looking at a murder scene
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Representation
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the use of language and images to create meaning
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Mimesis
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the idea that representations mirror reality
implies "reflection" of reality, without any changes like mirror
still life paintings of fruits
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Studium
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Roland Bathers
when photo serves a "truth function"
another word for mimesis
photo is copy of the real word
- documentary evidence in court room
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Punctum
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Roland Bathes
opposite of studium
photos are affective or expressive rather than just a object of reflection
Robert Frank: trolley in new orleans; 1955
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Denotative
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images can "denote" truths: objective reality
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Connotative
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Barthes
"connote" culturally and historically specific meanings
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Sign
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word, image, video
coned by Ferdinand de Saussure, a semiotician
made up of two parts
- a signifier: word tree
- a signified: the actual tree
naturalized: widely known to mean something
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Marlboro
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signifier: cigarette
signified: masculinity
sign: Marlboro as masculinity
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Icon
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an image that has great symbolic meaning
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Tiananmen square
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1989
icon of political struggle
communism in china
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Mother and child icons
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Madonna by Raphael
Migrant mother by Dorothea Lange
- 1936
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Modernity
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term used to refer to the historical, cultural and political and economic conditions related to the enlightenment movement in the 18th century
values of technology, science and rationalism
processes of urbanization, industrialization and globalization
mass media: modern instituti…
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Modernity in America 1920
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charlie chaplin, modern times, 1936
- alienation of factory worker
model t. ford, 1908
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Cities
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experience of modernity through architecture and mass media
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the Flaneur
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an observer of modernity
observes modernity by taking part in the visual spectacle of the city
- buildings, window-shopping, media
observes with detachment and alienation
- bigger than life
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Lost in translation
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shows the flaneur while driving through the city and sitting in hotel overlooking city
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Spectatorship
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the social practice of looking in modernity
spectator: individual who looks
specatorship: collective practice of looking
doing the wave: everyone takes part
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Discourse
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Michel foucault, french philosopher
body of knowledge that defines and limits what can be said about something
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Discourse in modern medicine
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accupuncture: inserting needle to different points can cure diseases
- ridiculous, irrational and no scientific basis
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Insanity
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madness did not exist till 19th centurey when psychiatry emerged as science
defined by rules that govern what can be said and though about insanity at a particular moment in time
Rainman scene
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Power
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Foucault
not repressive force but one constructed by discourse
- runs without anyone in charge, not centralized but decentralized and established by institutions
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Power in prisons
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prison model by panoptican where prinoners are not watched but think they are
controlled by belief
jeremy bentham applied Foucault's model of power to prisons
modern incarnation: surveillance cameras
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Power in classrooms
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built into the architecture of the room and how knowledge is organized
sitting in room where only one person is allowed to stand up and walk around
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Power in fashion
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fraternity dress: khakis polos, new balance
- all boys dress alike as if there is dress code
sorority dress: nike shorts and chacos
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Ideology
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the concepts, ideas and values in a society that are "naturalized"
Foucault: power + discourse= ideology
commonsense
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Gaze & modernity
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the power relationship established in the act of looking in modernity
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Gender and gaze
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laura mulvey: feminist theorist
gaze is masculine/patriarchal in nature
operationalizes dqnamics of desire
centered on media practices
- advertising, film, tv and print
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Global relations and the gaze
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Edward said: our ideas about the world are created through binaries
orient and occident important in categories in past. how west and east operated
orientalism was idea that held this binary in place; not account of past, the orient, but rather the West's cultural construction of th…
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TELE 3010: Test 2