Front Back
Four reoccurring factors of the history of tv
technological innovation capitalistic exploitation governmental regulation historical intervention
Television
seeing from afar elements of a visual scene can be scanned and broken down into a series of tiny electrical signals that can be transmitted and reassembled in a receiver unveiled at 1939 New York Worlds fair
TV inventors
Vladamir Zworykin and Philo Franswork - invented electric scanner
Image dissector
created by Philo Fransworth
David Sarnoff and TV
called it "an art form so important in it's implications that it is bound to affect all society"
Television in 1940-50's
entertainment shifted from radio to TV - milton berle, ed sullivan show creation of national audiences growth of post-war tv - led to freeze on new station growth by FCC
The Freeze
1948-1952 On 30 September 1948 the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) of the United States announced a "freeze" on the granting of new television licenses channel assignments color TV and UHF emerged
Sixth Report and order
dens Freeze in 1952
Frieda hancock
first woman commissioner of the FCC made it so 12% of channels set aside for non-commercial stations
Radio and tv
1950-1960 radio declined as advertisments moved to tv format radio developed: top 40, classics, DJ's and recorded music radio tied to recording industry and record sells localization of radio: reaching out to local advertisers
TV popularity
1960-1970 Lucille Ball videotape came out in 1956= end of live tv by 1950, 98 stations in 9% of homes by 1970, 862 stations in 95% of homes
TV networks
Big three: CBS, NBC, ABC programs: - escape: star trek, I dream of jeanie - law and order: untochables - sit-com: all in the family, MASH - tv news: walter cronkite <3
Public television
need for alternative to commercial television Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 - created Corporation for Public Broadcasting CPB - created Public Broadcasting Service PBS
Cable television
in 1975 HBO rented transponder on the satellite SATcom 1 and made satellite Interconnected programming network lead to TCI: telecommunications and MSO: Multiple System Operators in 1960 only 1.4% of homes had Cable by 1985 43% in 1998 67% today 97%
Cable Communications Policy Act
in 1984 congress passed act that encouraged competition between cable and traditional TV and gave cable operators the freedom to set rates
VCR's
first was made by Sony: the Betamaz 1978- 175,000 1982- 5 million 1988- 52 million today: 9 in 10 homes have some kind of recording device VCR's lead to time-shifting: recording tv to watch later
Telecom Act of 1996
deregulated telecommunications industry and allowed the phone companies to offer TV services and relaxed limits on TV ownership
Class activity about old TV shows
I Love Lucy My Three Sons: sit-com 1960-1965 Ed Sullivan show with the Beatles
Quiz Show
film captures the feel of early television and it's impact of America based on real events: famous Quiz Shoe cheating scandal on "21" in the late 1950's captures the culture and values of an emerging media industry directed by Robert Redford
Architecture
both modern: nyc and post-modern: asi
Modernity in America
1930-1960 from 1960's on post-modernity: and civil rights movement, women's rights, early globalization, cold war 1970-1990 late modernity/early post modernity 1990-current: contemporary post modernity
Key year 1968
student protest in Paris, USA tet offensive in Vietnam Nixon elected Robert Kennedy assassinated Martin Luther King
Key years 1984, 1989
berlin wall collapse, collapse of soviet union media neurimance, first mac, live aid/we are the world
Marshall McLuhan
"The Medium is the Message" visual form of the media is part of the message - anything that conveys message post-it, book, canvas, tv
Mass media
mass: from idea of "mass society" that emerges in modern cities media: from "medium" means of meditation or communication mass media communicates to a mass society
In-class exercise about media as message
smart phones: text message computers: facebook status update billboard: advertisement television: super bowl ad Taylor Swift song about break up: never, ever getting back together dramatic reading of break up letter
Raymond Williams
"television as flow" television viewing is a social activity and exists in tune with the rhythm of modern life - laundry, cooking, other media, talking - interrupting is commercials experienced as flow
Broadcasting
the distribution of media programming from a centralized mass distribution source - tv network, hollywood comes from field/agricultural concept of spreading seeds
Propaganda and mass media
Nazi propaganda film: Triumph of the Will, 1935 nazi rally rally in nuremberg in 1934 director: Leni Riefenstahl producer: hitler - aerial shots, multiple cameras, telephoto lense
Hypodermic needle
modern media uses same techniques as Nazi film but "inject" ideas about consumption of goods, values, ideas about self-image to tv viewers
McChesney
modern media support commercial interests over people interests
Schiller
modern media are a tool of cultural imperialism west over the rest
Public sphere
Jurgen Habermas media act as a location for open free discussion of matters important to the public - salons, coffeehouses, book clubs and peoples homes - public dialouge: televised town-halls, call-in radio talk shows, tv talk shows modern media allows for "participatory democr…
Critiques of public sphere
public sphere ristricted to those groups that have power in society - based on gender, race and class women created countersphere minorities created counterpublics
Countersphere
Nancy Fraser is subordinate to the public sphere but still a site for expression
Counterpublics
Michael Warner have "alternative protocols" that are consciously different from the dominate public sphere
public sphere and "talk" media
Talk radio 1988 directed by Oliver Stone
Postmodern society
contemporary period: 1990-now
Frederic Jameson
" cultural logic of late capitalism"
Postmodern "values"
skepticism of "master narratives" - religion, patriarchy, science, democracy Example: Pink Panther making fun of Pope and his affect on people apolitical: ejection of post political correctness consumption as defining value: fashion, technology and bodies
Anthony Giddens
a global society: globalization concrete structuration of the world as one place organizing principle of the world in postmodernity replacing nationalism
Information society
term used to describe postmodern societies where information is the most significant economic and cultural activit
Convergence
the merging of previous disparate media forms - still/video cameras, telephone, music listening devices, computers, moving visual images or tv and film
Henry Jenkins
wrote book: Convergence Culture important in concept of convergence
"Computer"
first example of postmodern media form, replacing the television which is the archetypical "modernist" media form smart phone is the latest incarnation of the postmodern media form television is not transforming itself into a postmodern form
Jean Baudlliard
stimulation when images become more real than the real, creating a hyperreality - a collapse between the counterfeit and the real creates a society organized around the visual that has no sense of authenticity and can only understand the world through the visual Beijing World P…
Cyberblitz
also by Baudilliard the random and unpredictable media forms, images and information that bombard us daily in postmodernity society
Intertextuality
when a media text derives its meaning from constant referencing of other media texts invader zim: germs taking over shreck: reference to other fairytales, making fun of them
Reflexivity
self awareness of one's place in the act of representation cute video about asian dad making documentary thing for daughter as she grows up
Performance
we perform our identities rather than they are fixed within us
Nikki S. Lee
korean filmmaker who "plays" with identity acts as stripper, thug, old woman etc. for art different layers of how people portray her makes documentary of real life and the person people see her as
Pastiche
a visual culture of imitation, remaking, irony and parody questions the idea of the "original" text
Nostalgia
a reflexive engagmenet with the past often combined with irony and fantasy Cindy Sherman's self-reflexive images of herself in other era's
Aesthetics videos
Otis: Jazy-Z and Kayne What I've Done: Linkin Park Gold Soundz: Pavement Amanda Palmer and the Grand Theft Orchestra: Want it back
Otis
Intertextuality – know pop culture referenced in video • Homage to Otis Redding “Try a Little Tenderness” played throughout video • You have to know Kanye and Jay-Z to understand video - Reflexivity – Aziz Ansari makes cameo • He’s friends with Kanye and talks about him all the time
What I've Done
Montage of disasters, ice caps melting, 9/11, war - Review perspectives, full circle – humans wronging humans and animals - Jogs memory and reminds us what’s going on in the world (human condition) - Association with Transformers diminishes message - Nostalgia – world trade centers, w…
Want it Back
- Intertextual – in the medium itself that the lyrics are written on (uses diff. surfaces) • Meaning= LOSS of virginity, black ink invading her—means more on naked skin - Reflexivity – rethinks feminine identity – doesn’t shave, grungy with ink all over • Future = fans funding produc…
Retroactive 1
1963 silkscreen by Robert Rauschenberg tension between news images and painting techniques lives of US citizens in the 1960's Kennedy pose of pointing finger, framed around news stories about space program - montage and juxtaposition of images and text that make history and mod…
Hope
Barak Obama poster, 2008 pose from JFK, style from Bolshevist agitprop artists of 1920's newsprint-like gives work sense of urgency and hope from references
Internal Frame
image of JFK being shot not known if real or not by Ant farm/t.r. uthco
Sherrie Levin
after edward weston: nude pic of man parody because guys usually takes pics of naked women
Psycho/Simpsons
remake of the movie as parody famous shower scene
A sudden gust of wind
by jeff wall, remade from katsushika hokusai painting 1993
Reserves: the purim holiday
jewish school kids from 1930's distorted picture of them with dark eye lit by desk lamp possessions at bottom for picture christian boltanski

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