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UGA TELE 3010 - Communication Technologies: Historical Considerations
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TELE 3010 1nd Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Oral CommunicationII. Written CommunicationIII. The Beginning of Mass Media a. The Gutenberg PressIV. How Media Can Transform a Societya. Examples from the Protestant ReformationV. How Mass Media Has TransformedVI. Conclusions a. Epistemology & Ontology Current LectureCommunication Technologies: Historical Considerations)Media = mediums of communication (media is plural: “The media are…”) )Mass Media = the way technologies facilitate or serve as a medium of communication Oral Communication (No technology)- Depends on mind & memory. This is because our brain is not infinite - the capacities of our brain are limited.- With oral communication, knowledge is limited and fleeting. If it’s not written down, then it can disappear easily or be forgotten. - There are constraints of time and space. It takes time for messages to travel orally.- Oral Communication creates thinking that is situational rather than abstract. - Knowledge is social.- Who controls it this form of communication? The elders do, because they’ve lived the longest and are the ones who pass down stories, wisdom, etc.Written Communication (Manuscript Culture)- Depends on the technologies to capture it (EX: papyrus, parchment, and then paper).- Knowledge can be fixed but still be variable.- Written communication alters time/space constraints. [EX: Books can move from society to society]These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Thinking can be longer, more complex, and abstract.- It encourages private thought- Power and control by whom? The church. The scribe/written class was with the church because they were the ones with the technologies at the time (back in thedark ages).Beginning of Mass Media = Gutenberg PressPrint Media (Typography, Mid-15th Century, Gutenberg)1. Production - MASS production [where Gutenberg comes in and the printing press] 2. Distribution – Transportation; refers to getting the papers out there.3. Exhibition – it is a commodity; refers to the exchange value that papers now have because of the printing.How Media Can Transform Societies: Martin Luther & The Protestant Reformation (for example)- When the Bible was translated into German (vernacular; embodies the essential message of Protestantism). The churches no longer needed monks to tell stories because they could now read it for themselves.- It becomes more widespread because of small, cheap pamphlets that are easier to conceal.- Encourages and increases literacy (while the mediating role of clergy decreases).- Power and control by whom at this point? Those who are producing this knowledge! This easier printing and distribution dispersed control away from the monarchy. Scientific Humanism —> “The Enlightenment”- It was very secular and not religious. It challenges the churches view of the world. - Created centers of learning (universities)- Ability to rediscover classic texts (Ancient Greece)- Knowledge can be cataloged.So what does printing provide? Printing allows for abstractions- It provides a standardized medium of exchange (Ex: constitutions, court records, bill of sales, contracts, currency, etc.) These are guidelines that establish how societies function. Printing allows for state bureaucracies. - Administration (legal and fiscal; odder and stability) over territorial space.How Mass Media Has Transformed1.Telegraph (separates transportation from communication)2.Newspapers (steam powered press —> the penny press. This is important because itwas cheap, so it was available for more and more people to purchase. Not just “rich” men).3.Phonograph (sound recording)4.Film (gave movement to images, and then eventually with sound).5.Radio (broadcasting sound)6.Television (broadcasting moving images)7.Satellites and cable (new forms of dissemination)8.Computers (offer networking, convergence, and interactivity with others now)Conclusions we can draw from communication:Conclusions We Can Draw from Communication: 1) Media Have Biases)Ways of Knowing (Epistemology)Epistemology is how we know what we know and how we decide if something is true. This is how we make sense of the world around us. It is under challenged in a digital realm. Examples of Epistemology in Digital Media: Open Source like Wikipedia, Hypertext (which encourages that knowledge is a collaborative environment), and Blogging and Youtube. We no longer have to be a certified journalist to have a million people read something we write.)Ways of Being (Ontology)Ontology structures our behavior and includes thinking, relating, and acting.Examples of Ontology in Digital Media: Multi-tasking (thinking), Work (being in time and space) and Dating or on-line communities (relating). 2) Media alter conceptions of space and time3) Media are related to power and control4) Media can transform


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UGA TELE 3010 - Communication Technologies: Historical Considerations

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