41 Cards in this Set
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Science
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The effort to understand how the physical world works through a process that uses observable physical evidence (observation or experimentation) to gain that understanding
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Scientific Method
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Observation
Model
Hypothesis
Experiment
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Null hypothesis
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There will be no difference in the outcome of our treatment and control
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Alternative hypothesis
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There will be a difference between treatment and control
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Hypothesis
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whether you will or will not see a change
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Prediction
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what the difference will be
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Theory
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Strongly supported idea that has been tested by many people, in many ways, over a long period of time
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Variables that should be manipulated in an experiment
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one
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The group being manipulated
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Treatment group
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Control group
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Standard to which we compare our results--so we can see if the treatment has an effect
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Why are replicates important?
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Increase accuracy of results
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Mean
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An average of of data points
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Standard Deviation
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Describes how much the data spreads from the mean
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Table properties
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TITLE numbered and placed ABOVE the _____
Every time you cite a mean you should also include +/- the standard deviation.
Clearly labeled control and treatment groups
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Graph properties
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Axes are labeled with specific information and units.
Every figure should have a descriptive caption placed BELOW the figure.
Always include error bars generated from the standard deviation calculated.
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Graphs show
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trends
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Tables show
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exact values
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Why do we not "accept" a hypothesis?
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accepting' a hypothesis is TOO DEFINITIVE, especially with out many repeated tests
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Biuret's Test
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Tests for presence of peptide bonds
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Benedict's test
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Tests for the presence of reducing sugars-complexity
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Fermentation
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Tests for gas production/exchange
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Microscopy
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Tests for complexity
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Agar Plating
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Tests for presence of living material
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Evolution
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change in genetic make up of a population over time
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5 characteristics of life
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Energy Transfer
Complexity
Reproduce/Grow
Response to stimuli
Evolving
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Population
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individuals from the same species that live in a particular place at a specific time.
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Mutations
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changes in DNA. A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutations.
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Gene flow
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movement of genes from one population to another and is an important source of genetic variation.
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Sexual reproduction
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can introduce new gene combinations into a population. This genetic shuffling is another important source of genetic variation.
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Allele
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any of a number of forms of a gene
- For example: There is a gene for blood type in humans, but there are several alleles (versions) of the gene
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Natural Selection
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producing the most offspring or offspring survive the longest
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Hoe does genetic make up of a population change?
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mutations and gene flow
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Natural selection requires
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variation
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Bacteria is resistant to antibiotics because
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mutations cause variation and misuse or over use of antibiotics
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Fitness
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ability to pass genes to future generations
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Phenotype
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an observed quality of an organism
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Genotype
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genetic make up of an organism (may or may not be expressed)
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Evolution requires
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reproduction and inheritance
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Natural selection removes
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the least fit organisms from the population
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when the standard deviations are overlapping..
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you would support the null and reject the alternative because they're is not a significant trend. there is not much of a difference.
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when the standard deviations are not overlapping..
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support the alternative and reject the null because there is a significant trend
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BIOL 1005: FORAGES