55 Cards in this Set
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Bilateral Symmetry
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one plane (midsagittal)
that divides body into mirror-image 1/2s (left and right 1/2s)
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Coelomate
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Body cavity is entirely lined with mesoderm
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Acoelomate
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no body cavity
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Triploblasts
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_______ are animals whose embryos have three germ layers.
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endoderm
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inner gastrula layer
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Suspension Feeder
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Aquatic animals that sift small food particles from the water.
Ex. Whale, Sponge
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mass feeder
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take chunks out of food particles into their mouths; chordates, mollusks, and arthropods
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Deposit Feeder
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An animal that feeds on bottom sediments
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protostome
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organisms of which the first opening that forms during the development becomes the mouth
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Deuterostome
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blastopore becomes anus, mouth forms later
- fate undetermined at 8-cell stage
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lophotrochozoans
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feeding structure
free living larvae stage
includes:
gastropods: snail
mollusks: have foot
bivalves: clams
cephalopods: octopus
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Hydrostatic skeleton
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fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment. found in cnidarians, flatworms, nematodes, annelids and snails
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exoskeleton
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A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection....arthopods
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hemocoel
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blood cavity
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Gastropod
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Molluscs such as slugs and snails...foot secretes mucus
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echinoderms
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invertebrates with a water-vascular system, spines and other hard parts that support the body
adults are radial but larvae are bilateral (implying bilateral ancestry)
(ie. sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars)
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Chordates
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Notochord
Dorsal Nerve chord
Pharyngeal pouches
Postanal tail
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vertebrae traits
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cranium
vertex
3 part brain
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endoskeleton
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skeleton inside the body
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tetrapod
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a vertabrate animal with four limbs
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gnthostomes
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vertebrae with jaws
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Tuber
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Underground stem.
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phenotypic plasticity
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form is changeable in roots based on environmet
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perrenial
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lasting or active through the year or through many years
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root types
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tuber: storage
tubelike: absorption
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Stolon
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A creeping stem that grows above the ground
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rhizomes
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stems that are right underground(tubers are modified rhizomes)
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pneumatophores
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specialized roots involved in gas exchange in some mangrove or swamp species
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translocation
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the transport of organic nutrients in the phloem of vascular plants (from source to sink)
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Sieve Tube Elements
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arranged similar to the xylem. The cells are end-to-end
the cell wall where the two cells meet has holes in it & forms a structure called the SIEVE PLATE
this pipe is lined with living tissue
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companion cell
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nourishes sieve tube elements connected by plasmodesmata
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Plasmodesmata
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open channel lined with plasma membrane contians tubule of ER connecting adjacent plant cells
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parenchyma
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-a tissue composed of parenchyma cells
-living
-thin walled
-most abundant
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collenchyma
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type of ground tissue cell with a strong, flexible cell wall; helps support larger plants
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Sclerenchyma
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Plant tissue composed of cells with heavily lignified cell walls; functions in support....DEAD AT MATURITY
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tracheids
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small diameter pipes with overlapping slanted ends; the ends have pits that allow water to pass from cell to cell
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trichomes
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hairs that protect the plant from the environment and predators
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apoplastic route
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Apoplastic route: via the cell walls and extracellular spaces...no cytoplasm
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Casparian strip
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A water-impermeable ring of waxy substance in the endodermal cells of plants that blocks the passive flow of water and solutes into the stele by way of cell walls.
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Transmembrane Route
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Route that jumps between cytoplasm and cell wall.
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Procambium
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Vascular tissue system
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protoderm
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dermal tissue system in plants
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ground meristem
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creates ground tissues
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the casparian strip is located within the..?
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endodermis
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humus
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living and dead organisms in soil
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4 types of soil?
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1. gravel
2. sand
3. silt
4. clay
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Proton Pump
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an active transport protein in a cell that uses ATP to transport hydrogen ion out of a cell against their concentration gradient, generating a membrane potential in the process.
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Rhizobia
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live in root molecules...mutualist relationship
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Oviparous
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Adds nutrient through yolk..fertilized egg
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Viviparous
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Transfers nutrients directly from her body
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Example of homology (similarity due to common ancestry)
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Example of homology (similarity due to common ancestry)
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T or F all coelom area are triplosblasts
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True
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Tube within a tube...what is the interior tube
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Endoderm
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Which if the following does not apply to cnidarians
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Central nervous system
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Body segments organized into tagmata...
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Arthropoda
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BIOL 200B: CHAPTER 29