Lecture 10 Chapter 42 Animal Form and FunctionChapter 42 Continued I. ThermoregulationII. StrategiesIII. Body Size and VolumeIV. Bigger BrainsAnimal Form and Function (cont.)Thermoregulation: heating and cooling- animals heat faster than they cool- dead animals heat and cool at the same rateStrategies for thermoregulation- behavioral modulation- habitat selection- metabolic rate- cardiovascular rate- evaporative water loss- skin/insulation - shunting of blood from core to peripheryRegulated by: sensor, integrator, effectorEx: extreme mountain climbersThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 200B 1st EditionCold environments- counter-current vascular networks: retain heatHot environments- peripheral blood vessels dilate: transfer heat from body core to warmed appendagesMetabolism - transforms matter and energy - totality of all the chemical reactions in an animal- catabolic and anabolicThermoneutral zone: no energy cost for maintaining body temp.At lower and upper critical temperatures (LCT, UCT) energy expended to maintain body temps.Thermal Sensitivity, Acclimatization, and Performance- animals acclimated to cold raise their metabolic ratesBody size is one of the most fundamental determinants of animal physiology traitsRelationship between surface area and volume: volume increases faster thansurface areaBigger brains evolve- better fuel (higher quality diet) can increase basal metabolic ratesBrains-for-brawn hypothesis: reduced muscle tissue in big brained animalsExpensive tissue (gut-for-brain): bigger brain requires reducing size of digestive tractTorpor - lower body temperature and enter a state of unresponsiveness- important for smaller animals because larger surface area/area=rapid heat loss- ex: humming birdHeterothermy- heat produced by muscles during flight- temporal and spatial heterothermy - flight muscles can be used for shiveringEctothermy- low energy costs - 40-80% energy invested in growth and
View Full Document
Unlocking...