Biology 200B 1st EditionExam# 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8Tree of LifePhylogenetic tree Tree of lifeBranchesNodesTipsOutgroupAncestral groupDerived traitMonophyletic groupChapter 29 Bacteria and ArchaeaBacteria ArchaeaMicrobesOrigin of lifePathogenicKoch’s postulatesGerm theoryBioremediationEnrichment culturesDirect sequencingDiversification of bacteria and archaeaGram stainingMetabolic diversityChapter 30 ProtistsEukaryaParaphyletic groupEcological importanceDiversificationOrigin of MitochondriaEndosymbiosis theoryOrigin of ChloroplastsOrigin of sexFeedingMovementEcological importanceDisease agentsChapter 33 Animal DiversityBoundary between protists and animalsAnimal diversity and phylogenyOrigin of tissuesOrigin of bilateral symmetry and relationship to ecologyOrigin of the body cavity (coelom) in triploblasts(embryonic) Origin of the anus in bilateriansGerm layers-ectoderm, mesoderm, endodermHomology of developmentChapter 34 ProtostomesMost animals are protostomesLophotrochozoa and EcdysozoaProtostome body planMajor groups of L and EPlatyhelminthes, Nematoda, ArthropodaArthropod body planAdaptations for Terrestrial LifeAdaptations for feedingAdaptations for movementOrigin of wingsAdaptations for reproductionChapter 35 DeuterostomesVertebrates are monophyletic Invertebrates are notEchinodermsChordatesPharyngeal SlitsOrigin of jaws, gnathostomesOrigin of limbs and tetrapods, lungfish and modern bony fishLimb evolution; effects of Hox genesTetrapods: amphibian, reptilia, and mammalsAmniotic egg and mammalian placentaLimb evolution; feathers and flightMammals: primates and hominins, human evolutionSpread of Modern Humans, Out of Africa HypothesisChapter 36 VirusesVirus- parasite that uses host cell enzymes to replicate; consist of DNA or RNAViruses alive or not?Virus morphology, host specificEmerging diseasesZoonoticEpidemicPandemicVirulent strain of influenza virusInfluenza threat to humans through global transport and human to animal contactLytic and lysogenic cyclesLife cycle of virus: 7 stepsRetroviruses Making viral proteinsAnti-viral strategies in medicineViral diversityViral origin hypotheses: escaped genes, degenerated genes, RNA world-origin
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