BIOL 200B: CHAPTER 29
34 Cards in this Set
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Eukaryotes
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Have a nuclear envelope derived from a single common ancestor
have mitochondria (or organelles representing modified mitochondria)
Many have other membrane-bound organelles
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What are protists?
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Eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi
Used to be one of the five kingdoms
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What is an alga (algae)?
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A photosynthetic protist
Some are considered plants
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How do protists reproduce?
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Asexually or sexually
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Photoautotrophs
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Photosynthetic, have chloroplasts
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Heterotrophs
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Absorb organic molecules or ingest organic food particles
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Mixotrophs
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Can do photosynthesis and ingest food
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What causes Malaria?
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Plasmodium
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Trypanosoma
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insect-born
causes African sleeping sickness and chagas in neotropics
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Giardia
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Water-born
causes diarrhea
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Trichomonas
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A common STD than can cause infertility
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Entamoeba
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Causes amoebic dysentary
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Dinoflagellates
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Cause toxic red tides
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Phytophthora
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Plant disease
caused irish potato famine
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Plankton
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Free-floating aquatic communities
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Phytoplankton
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Photosynthetic protists (algae), cyanobacteria
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Zooplankton
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heterotrophic protists
small invertebrates
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Serial Endosymbiont Theory
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Mitochondria (first) and Chloroplasts (second) are descendants of prokaryotic cells that lived endosymbiotically within a host cell
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Endosymbiosis
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Cell living within another cell
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Cyanophora
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A protist with 2 cyanobacterial endosymbionts
Not yet a "chloroplast"
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Amoebozoa
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Amoebas and slime molds
some are human pathogens
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Excavata
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Cells have an excavated groove
Includes Parabasalids, diplomonads, and euglenoids
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Parabasalids and Diplomonads
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Some are anaerobic
reduced, modified mitochondria
include many parasites
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Euglenoids
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Some are heterotrophs: free-living predators and parasites
Some are mixotrophs: chloroplasts came from green algae
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Plantae
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Includes red algae, green algae, land plants
All descended from first original eukaryotic photosynthetic ancestor
All are photosynthetic autotrophs (except some parasitic plants)
Red algae sometimes considered "protists"
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Red Algae
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Mostly benthic marine seaweeds
Red color comes from pigment that helps harvest light in deep water
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Rhizaria
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Includes Foraminifera and Radiolarians (heterotrophic), Chlorarachniophytes (photosynthetic w/ secondary chloroplasts)
Some are amoeboid (move and feed with pseudopodia)
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Foraminiferans
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Have porous carbonate shells called tests
Pseudopodia extend through pores in test
Extensive fossil record
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Alveolata
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Includes ciliates, apicomplexans, and dinoflagellates
Some have chloroplasts from red algae
Includes serious disease-causing parasites of humans
Autotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs
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Dinoflagellates
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Some are endosymbionts of corals and other inverts
Some cause toxic red tides
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Apicomplexans
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All are parasites of animals
Some cause serious human diseases (Malaria, African sleeping sickness)
Heterotrophs with non-functioning chloroplast
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Stramenopila
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Includes diatoms and brown algae
Range from unicells to giant seaweeds
Important primary producers in marine and fresh water
Food, biotech
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Diatoms
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Unicellular, free-floating
Most are photosynthetic
Extensive fossil record
Special cell wall made of silica
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Brown algae
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Includes large, multicellular algae
Complex bodies similar to land plants
Complex life cycles
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BIOL 200B: CHAPTER 29