ART 155: FINAL EXAM
84 Cards in this Set
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Ravenna
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Capitol of the western side of the empire at different points of time.
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Justinian
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Byzantine emperor primarily builds a lot of things in Constantinople.
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Pendentive
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A round dome on top of a square building. The dome appears to just be hanging atop the walls.
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Icon
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Image, representational icons of Jesus, the holy family, saints, or any combo of those. Small and portable, usually. Found in monasteries.
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Iconoclasm
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Image breaking, the bible states that people should not make images or likenesses of heaven, and you should not pray to those things either.
An emperor comes along, outlaws icons and has all icons already made removed.
Iconoclast is someone who breaks those images
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Encaustic
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Way of painting using hot, melted beeswax.
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Triumph of Orthodoxy
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When a ruler comes after 170 years and restores the tradition of making icons again, the returning of tradition.
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Viking
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Terrors of an area of Europe for over a century,
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Hiberno-Saxon, or Insular
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Irish-English
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Scriptoria
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Book making workshop (keep in mind that there was a very low literacy rate at this time. Books were HELLA expensive, special, labor intensive, and took years to make)
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Provenance
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The history of the ownership of the any item
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Carpet pages
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A page that has no text, it is all decoration. They are used to divide sections of texts up
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Colophon
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Copyright information and where it was printed
Here, gives the history of the manufacturer of the book, who made it, who paid for it, and why they got it
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Portal
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the entire doorway
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Tympanum
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The flat piece of space directly between the door and the archivolt
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Archivolt
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The archway above the portal
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Circumambulatory aisle
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Aisles on the side of the church for communion
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Door Jambs (Jamb Figures)
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The pieces adding jams to the sides of the portal
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Cult of Relics
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Attempt to become in close physical contact with relics
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Reliquary
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Something you store a relic in. A relic is a piece of a saint.
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Radiating chapels
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Small wart looking things at the head of the church where relics go.
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Bay
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A unit
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Crossing
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The place where the basilica meets the transept. Forms a cross-looking shaped church, and also where the bell tower is.
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Compound Piers
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An overgrown column, and it is also decorated
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Half Columns (Engaged Columns)
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Used to decorate compound piers. Literally half of a column. Does nothing except make the compound pier look nicer.
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Why so many churches? –
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1. The movement into towns and cities created a demand for more urban church structures (as opposed to remote monasteries of the early medieval period)
2. There was also a widely felt relief and thanksgiving that the conclusion of the first millennium in the year 1000 had not…
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Romanesque architexture is characterized by:
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1. Thick, heavy walls that support stone roofing
2. A blocky, earthbound appearance (height is not such a concern)
3. Structured around basic geometric formulas
4. The exterior reflects the interior structure and organization
5. Introduction of radiating cha…
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Exedra (Exedrae)
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A semicircular niche in a wall
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apse
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centered in the church
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Chi Ro
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the symbol used to symbolize jesus, often used in the byzantine and renaissance art
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Justinian
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Empire who expanded the Byzantine Empire.
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Ravenna
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was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 402 until empire collapsed in 476.
served as the capital of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths until it was re-conquered in 540 by the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
city formed centre of Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna until invasion o…
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Theodora
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The wife of Justinian that ruled beside him.
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pendentive
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Architectural innovation - Dome on top of a dome (Hagia Sophia)
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squinch
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the spatial areas created when a dome is placed on a square or a polygonal base
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Theotokos (“bearer of god”)
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The Virgin Mary who bore Jesus
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Tympanum
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The flat piece of space directly between the door and the archivolt
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Archivolt
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The archway above the portal
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Circumambulatory aisle
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Aisles on the side of the church for communion
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Door Jambs (Jamb Figures)
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The pieces adding jams to the sides of the portal
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Cult of Relics
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Attempt to become in close physical contact with relics
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Reliquary
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Something you store a relic in. A relic is a piece of a saint.
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Radiating chapels
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Small wart looking things at the head of the church where relics go.
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A unit
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Crossing
The place where the basilica meets the transept. Forms a cross-looking shaped church, and also where the bell tower is.
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Compound Piers
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An overgrown column, and it is also decorated
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Tracery
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Stone that holds the pieces of stained glass together, the skeleton that holds everything together
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Half Columns (Engaged Columns)
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Used to decorate compound piers. Literally half of a column. Does nothing except make the compound pier look nicer.
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Rose Window
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Round window that is shaped like a rose, used to inspire the prayer of the rosary
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Royal Portal
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The jams on the door depict the kings and queens of the old testament,
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Rayonnant (radiant) style
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Radiating pattern, which is sort of like a bull’s-eye. Things radiate out from the center.
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Flamboyant style
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Flame like
Looks more like flames moving outwards, pointier
Look like petals
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Gothic architecture is characterized by:
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1. Height, light, pull to the east
2. Pointed arches, resulting in ever higher and wider vaults
3. Less concern for pilgrim accommodation, more concern the spiritual existence of visitors
4. Great interest in light and windows resulting in less structurally sound …
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kufic
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Beautiful handwriting, because they couldn’t use imagery
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Viking
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Terrors of an area of Europe for over a century,
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Carolingian
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Charlemagne
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Hiberno-Saxon, or Insular
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Irish-English
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Scriptoria
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Book making workshop (keep in mind that there was a very low literacy rate at this time. Books were HELLA expensive, special, labor intensive, and took years to make)
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Provenance
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The history of the ownership of the any item
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Carpet pages
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A page that has no text, it is all decoration. They are used to divide sections of texts up
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Colophon
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Copyright information and where it was printed
Here, gives the history of the manufacturer of the book, who made it, who paid for it, and why they got it
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Secular
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Not religious
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Mohammad
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The prophet or founder of Islam
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Koran / Qur’an
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"Recitation"; The word of God, given to Mohammad by the archangel Gabriel to recite.
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mosque
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is the building where muslims gather for community prayer
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Hypostyle
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Multicolumned
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Minaret
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a distinctive feature of mosque architecture, a tower from which the faithful are called
to worship.
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qibla
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direction muslims face in prayer. niche in a wall
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Mihrab
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A semicircular niche set into the qibla wall of a mosque.
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Maqsura
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An enclosure for rulers or dignitaries in front of the mihrab of a masoque
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Sutton Hoo
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site of an Anglo-Saxon ship burial - burial mound in Suffolk, England where a treasure-laden ship was found
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Cloisonné
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Cloisonné is an ancient technique for decorating metalwork objects, in recent centuries using vitreous enamel, and in older periods also inlays of cut gemstones, glass, and other materials. The resulting objects can also be called cloisonné.
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cloisons
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partitions; small metal strips in jewelry making
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Heraldic/ Heraldry
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Coats of arms, based on apictorial version of myths and men
-symbolize strength
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Parchment/vellum
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A writing surface made from treated skins of animals; very fine parchment is known as vellum.
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Mandorla
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an oval or almond-shaped aureola, or radiance, surrounding the body of a holy person
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Baptistery
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building, usually round of polygonal, used fro christian baptismal services
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Incrustation
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Decorating the outside of the church with colored marble
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Evangelist Symbols
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Matthew - angel
Mark - lion
Luke - ox
John - eagle
-Commonly used symbols for the 4 gospels
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Barrel vault
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also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve along a given distance
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groin vault
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Barrel arches that come to right angles
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Feudal System
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kings and queens
nobles
knights
peasants
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Abbot Suger
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-right hand man of the king Louis'
- Abbot of Saint Denis
- He wanted to reconstruct the church
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lux nova
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new light; produced by stain glass windows
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flying buttresses
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architectural parts fo buildings that support a wall to stay up
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ART 155: EXAM 4