UNIT 2: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN ARTSTUDY TERMS AND OBJECTSVOCABULARYTigris and Euphrates RiversTigris-northEuphrates-southern CuneiformSystem of writing Canaanite tablet is a good exampleLegal codes/religious documents Sumer / SumerianEarliest culture CellaInner area of templeZigguratMeant to be a replica of a sacred mountain Made out of mudbrick VotiveObject offered in fulfillment of a vowApotropaic DeviceWarding off evilGood luck charm Hierarchical Scaling (hieratic scale)Structure of leadership or power Rule of order Shows whose important size based RegisterSections SargonTrue king Naram-SinKing of four cornersAkkad /AkkadianNorthern division of Babylonia Follows summerians SteleStanding rectangular block of stone Used to deliver messages Relief SculptureBabylon / BabylonianLed by HammurabiTook control of all southern MesopotamiaHammurabiRuler of Babylon Military generalRespected Sumerian cultureDevoted to sun god Assur / AssyrianMost war like cultureNorthern portion of Tigris River LamassuGiant sculptures for protection Glazed brickUsed in the royal palaceWaterproof and more durable Hard to make and takes a long time ART OBJECTS Sumerian, Statuettes of Worshipers, from Tell Asmar (Iraq)- Gypsum inlaid w shell and black limestone - Found in a templeSumerian, Standard of Ur, from Tomb 779- Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli and red limestone- Wood instrument Akkadian, Head of an Akkadian Ruler, from Ninevah (Iraq)- Made from copperAkkadian, Victory Stele of Naram-Sim, from Susa (Iran)- pink sandstone - 6’7”- Commemorating a victory- Sculpture in relief Neo-Sumerian, Ziggurat at Ur (Iraq)- Made from mudbrickBabylonian, Stele Inscribed with the Code of Hammurabi- Top is a figural scene with shamash and Hammurabi - Bottom is code Assyrian, Lamassu (winged, human-headed bull), from Iraq- Limestone 13’ 10” high - Not a specific combination- Form of a apotropaic device, protection Late Babylonian, Ishtar Gate, Royal Palace at Babylon (Iraq)- For neb the 2nd- Animals represent the concept of the gods- Important is the lions - Each brick was hand