66 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
---|---|
Broca's Area
|
plays key role in production of speech
|
Wernicke's Area
|
plays key role in comprehension of speech
|
corpus callosum
|
"bridge" between two hemispheres of the brain
|
Hippocampus
|
related to memory
|
Amygdala
|
basic emotions (i.e. anger, fear)
|
Thalamus
|
relay incoming sensory information
|
Hypothalamus
|
regulation of biological drives (four F's)
|
Cerebellum
|
fine motor control, coordination and balance
|
Pons
|
regulation of sleep
|
Medulla
|
regulation of vital functions, such as respiration and heart rate
|
Feature detectors
|
cells in the visual cortex that are highly specialized and respond only to very specific aspects of complex stimuli
|
frequency theory
|
best explains low-pitch sounds
|
place theory
|
best explains high-pitch sounds
|
olfactory system
|
only sensory system to bypass thalamus processing
|
in what way are the gustatory and olfactory systems similar?
|
the receptors for both systems are designed to respond to chemical substances (molecules)
|
door-in-the-face technique
|
first, unreasonable request followed by more reasonable, lesser request
|
Adenosine
|
neurotransmitter blocked by caffeine
|
opponent process theory
|
theory of vision based on
|
intermodal perception
|
information from two or more senses influencing perception
|
perceptual set
|
expectations lead to "seeing what you want to see"
|
parietal lobe
|
touch processing
|
temporal lobe
|
auditory processing
|
prefrontal cortex
|
higher-order cognitive processes (planning, decision making, emotional control)
|
primary motor cortex
|
controls voluntary movements
|
primary somatosensory cortex
|
area of the parietal lobe where messages from the sense receptors are registered
|
primary visual cortex
|
located in occipital lobe, receives information directly from visual system
|
primary auditory cortex
|
located in temporal lobe, performs basics of hearing
|
psychoanalytic perspective
|
unconscious motives
|
behavorial perspective
|
envir. influences on observable behavior
key scientists: John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner
|
humanistic perspective
|
personal growth, freedom (most optimistic)
|
cognitive perspective
|
conscious thoughts, beliefs, expectations
|
biological perspective
|
body structures and processes
|
evolutionary perspective
|
adaptation, natural selection
|
empiricism
|
knowledge is gained through experience
|
rationalism
|
knowledge is gained through logical reasoning
|
correlational research
|
observational, degree of correlation b/w variables is measured
|
experimental research
|
tests causality
|
Glia
|
support, "glue" cells
|
neurons
|
communication
|
CT scan
|
worst but cheapest - X Ray
|
MRI
|
maps structure
|
PET
|
shows rate/location of brain activities
|
fMRI
|
shows structure + amount of activity
|
ACh
|
voluntary muscle movement, memory
|
considered founder of psychology
|
considered founder of psychology
|
philosophy (descartes) , physiology (helmholtz)
|
philosophy (descartes) , physiology (helmholtz)
|
structuralism
|
Edward Titchener, analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how they are related
|
functionalism
|
theory that purpose of consciousness should be emphasized over structure, William James, Stanley Hall
|
operational definition
|
used to measure something otherwise unquantifiable
|
inferential statistics
|
used to draw conclusions from sample to whole
|
levels
|
the # of ways the variable is manipulated
|
oligodendrocytes & schwann cells
|
create myelin sheath (schwann cells only in PNS)
|
astrocytes
|
synchronize communication b/w neurons, nurtures cells, and removes waste products
"cleans up"
|
microglia
|
part of immune system, remove waste products
|
radial glia
|
guides migration and growth of immature neurons
|
EPSPs > IPSPs =
|
action potential in second neuron
|
catecholamines
|
dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
|
indolamines
|
seratonin
|
CNS
|
brain + spinal cord
|
PNS
|
everything besides brain and spinal cord
|
4 lobes of cerebral cortex
|
occipital (visual), parietal (touch), temporal (auditory), frontal (motor skills)
|
vestibular system
|
Sense: Balance
Stimulus: Gravitational Pull
Process: Semicircular canals filled with vestibular sacs. Fluid w/in sacs moves and creates action potentials in hairs
|
Somatosensory system
|
Sense: feeling
Stimulus: heat/cold, mechanical pressure, vibrations, noxious stimuli
Process: polymodal nerves are embedded in the body, nociception (feeling of pain) only occurs if pain inhibitors are deactivated
|
Monocular clues
|
can be viewed with only one eye, include:
height in plane
linear perspective
texture gradient
interposition
light and shadow
|
GABA
|
responsible for most inhibition in CNS
|
limbic system
|
network including hippocampus and amygdala, related to emotion and memory
|