56 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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Energy
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capacity to do work or to put matter into motion
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Elements
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substances that can't be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods
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92
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number of elements in nature
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1.007 Dalton
|
proton amu
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1.008 Dalton
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neutron amu
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1/200 or .0005 Dalton
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electron amu
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composes 96.3% of body
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Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen
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Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Iodine, Iron
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composes 3.7% of body
|
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Trace elements (.01% of body)
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Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Fluorine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
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Salts
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an ionic substance formed of cations(nonmetal) from the base and anions(metal) from the acids
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Isotopes
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different atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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pH - 7.4
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pH of blood
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pH - 7
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pH of Distilled water
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pH - 5
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pH of coffee
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pH - 6.3 to 6.6
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pH of milk
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Acidosis
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7.35 or less
|
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Alkalosis
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7.45 or higher
|
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store information and controls cell activities (protein synthesis)
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function of nucleic acids
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nucleotides
|
building blocks of nucleic acids
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1. Phagocytosis (cell "eating")
2. Pinocytosis (cell "drinking")
3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
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3 types of endocytosis
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1. kinetochore microtubules
2. nonkinetochore microtubules
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2 types of mitotic spindle
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1. Merocrine
2. Apocrine
3. Holocrine
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3 types of glandular secretions
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fluid (i.e. saliva, pancreatic and certain sweat glands of skin)
|
product of Merocrine
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Apocrine
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glandular secretion with cellular product (i.e. mammary glands, certain sweat glands of skin, ceruminous glands lining the external ear canal)
|
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6 electrons
|
How many electrons does Carbon have?
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Holocrine
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glandular secretion with entire cells and nucleus (i.e. sebacous glands of skin)
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8 electrons
|
How many electrons does Oxygen have?
|
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11 electrons
|
How many electrons does Sodium have?
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pH = 2.5 to 3.5
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pH of wine
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pH = 2.5
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pH of soda
|
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thymine
|
what is adenine connected to by hydrogen bond?
|
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1. uses carrier protein
2. uses ATP
3. moves from higher to lower
|
3 features of Na+ ~ K+
|
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1-3 hours
|
how long does mitosis take?
|
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months
|
how long can G0 phase take?
|
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8+ hours
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how long can G1 phase take?
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6-8 hours
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how long can the S phase take?
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2-5 hours
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how long can G2 phase take?
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metabolism
|
all chemical reactions in body
|
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embryology
|
study of development from fertilized egg to 8 weeks into utero
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developmental anatomy
|
study of development from fertilized egg to adult form
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cytology
|
study of chemical and microscopic study of cells
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physiology
|
study of functions of body
|
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atom
|
smallest unit that retains properties of substances
|
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cell
|
smallest living unit
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organelle
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structure in cells whose molecular organization enhances specific cell activities
|
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1. simple diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion
3. filtration
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3 types of passive transport
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endocytosis and exocytosis
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two types of bulk transport
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Disaccharides
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2 monosaccharides which combine by dehydration synthesis
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Hydrolysis
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How are disaccharides broken back down to monosaccharides?
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Polysaccharides
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Type of sugar linked in enzyme-mediated condensation reactions
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Cellulose
|
Which polysaccharide can't be digested by humans?
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Carbohydrates
|
Organic molecules which are made of sugars and their polymers (ex: sugars, starch, glycogen, and cellulose)
|
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Monosaccharides
|
These are examples of which carbohydrate?
Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose & deoxyribose
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electronegativity
|
atom's ability to attract and hold electron
|
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nonpolar covalent bond
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covalent bond formed by equal sharing of electrons between atoms
|
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polar covalent bond
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covalent bond formed by unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
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BIOL 243: Exam 2