Respiratory System: Anatomy Review1. External nares of nose, pharynx, primary bronchi2. visceral, parietal, pleural, pleural, lubricant3. primary, secondary, tertiary, cartilage, bronchioles, cartilage, smooth4. conducting, warm, humidify, no5. alveoli, respiratory, alveolar, alveolar6. artery, low, capillaries, veins, oxygenated7. 1. Type I2. Macrophage3. Type II, decreases8. simple squamous, basement9. pulmonary edema, lessRespiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation1. a. Boyle’sb. 1.  volume   pressure2.  volume   pressure2. a. Ib. Ec. Ed. I3. 4. a. Intrapleuralb. inspiration5. a. Lungs collapseb. pneumothorax6. a. b. 7. 1. resistance within the airways2. lung compliance8. constrict, , 9. dilate, , 10. constrict, , 11. , harder12. Respiratory System: Gas Exchange1. a. 20.9%b. 0.04%c. 78.6%d. 0.46%2. a. 159 mmHg, 156 mmHgb. 0.3 mmHg, 0.3 mmHgc. 597 mmHg, 587 mmHgd. 3.5 mmHg, 3.4 mmHg3. 440 mmHg4. 925. a. CO2 is much more soluble in liquid than O2b. Henry’s Law6. 1 surface area and structure of the respiratory membrane2. partial pressure gradients3. matching alveolar air flow to pulmonary capillary blood flow7. 1. humidification of air2. gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries3. mixing of new and old air8. a. vasoconstriction (CO2 effect)b. dilation (O2 effect)9. 1. available surface area2. partial pressure gradients3. variable rate of blood flow varies10. a. PO2 = 270 mmHgb. CO2 would be found in the highest concentration in blood.Respiratory System: Gas Transport1. 98.5, 1.52. 4, 4, Iron in heme3. cooperative binding (or positive cooperativity)4. oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin5. 100, 98, 40, 756. No, the saturation of hemogloblin will decrease only about 3% (from 98% to 95% saturated).7. Yes, the saturation of hemoglobin will decrease from 75% to 35%.This allows more O2 to unload at the tissues.8. pH, temperature, PCO2, BPG pH temperature PCO2 BPGright9. 7, 23, 70, carbaminohemoglobin10. carbonic, carbonic anhydrase, hydrogen, bicarbonate, chloride, chloride11. Haldane12. BohrRespiratory System: Control of Respiration1. Ventral respiratory group (VRG)2. a. Central and peripheral chemoreceptorsb. Pons3. CO24. H+5. 60 mmHg6. a.  PCO2b.  pH7. a.  PO2b.  PCO28. a. Pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs)b. inhibitionc. Inflation reflex or Hering-Breuer reflex9. a. Irritant receptorsb. Remove irritants from the airways by invoking coughing and sneezing.10. 1. Learned responses2. Neural input from motor cortex3. Receptors in muscles and joints4. Increased body temperature5. Epinephrine and norepinephrine6. pH changes due to lactic