HIST 226: EXAM 3
37 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
New South
|
Term used to describe the urbanization and industrialization of the southern states following Reconstruction
Led by Henry Grady.
The rise of the steel industry in Birmingham, Alabama is an example of this movement.
Wanted to expand Railroads south
want to …
|
|
Railroads
|
State gave land to rr companies- 32,000 in Texas
Brought diversity into world of Texas
Circuses, commerce, culture, ect.
No regulations on RR and their owners
Lead to the Labor Union Movement -Safety concerns & Child labor
When farmers used RR for tran…
|
|
International Railroad in Texas
|
connect Texas and Mexico to the U.S. economy
increase movement of people between U.S. and Mexico
Missouri, Kansas, and Texas railway company reaches Dension, Tx from North Houston and Texas reaches Dension
in 1873 Texas finally connected to nationwide network
|
|
Farmer's Alliance
|
begins in Lampasas in 1877
Local organization linked together farmers not only to the south but also in the west
self help movements but not about politics
members tried to convince the government to force railroads to lower freight prices so members could get their…
|
|
Populist Movement / People's Party
|
Formed from the farmers who were getting there asses beat on the market.
Was democratically based to respond the agrarians' needs.
Fought to lower tariffs to reduce the price of imported goods and force domestic manufacturers to lower prices in order to compete.
Helped …
|
|
Cleburne Demands
|
First Agrarian Revolt which wanted
govt. ownership of RR
add gold and silver to currency
Regulations on Banks (central banks)
get rid of electoral college
more land given to RRs
Sub- Treasury plan
|
|
Progressive Era (1900 - 1920)
|
Era of Reform
regulations put in place during this era
With influx of people, urban pop. exploded, large scale sanitation, public health, crime, education of people
women get to vote
prohibition occurs
income taxes
oil boom
rising middle class (Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson)
|
|
Government as problem solver, protecting the public
|
-Issues focused on safety, food contamination, child labor, Primary system for presidency- Disasters that brought about government involvement (Galveston hurricane 1900, boat burning 1904, Triangle disaster, Titanic 1912, East;and disaster 1915-Government helps in the form of Fima, firefi…
|
|
Temperance Movement
|
Temperance movement wanted people to willingly stop the consumption of alcohol.
|
|
Prohibition Movement
|
Definition: the banning of the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol.
Precedence: Enacted by 18th Amendment in 1919
Consequence: speakeasies sprung up across the country. Drinking by women increased. Organized crime exploded
-created a large outburst of crimes, and an era of ga…
|
|
Women's Vote
|
Unsuccessfully petitioned the 1868 and 1875 constitutional conventions for the right to vote
Founded the Equal Rights Association in 1893
Divisions developed within the National Women's Suffrage Association over whether it should be a limited reform organization for the vote…
|
|
Roosevelt Corollary
|
In his annual messages to Congress in 1904 and 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine.
The corollary stated that not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to …
|
|
Roosevelt Corollary
|
fewer than 1% controlled 85% of nations wealth
Diaz - first president - revolution gov.
fell Huerta - 1913-1914
Curranza 1914-1920
New Constitution in 1917; fighting continued 1914 making delivery of supplies in Tampeko; Mexico US navy let sailors go ashore, some were arrested and lat…
|
|
Plan of San Diego Villistas
|
Radical manifesto discovered in January of 1915
sought to ignite an uprising of Texas Mexicans, sympathizers in Mexico, and other aggrieved minority groups in TX for the establishment of an independent republic composed of those territories that Mexico had lost to the U.S. in the Mexican…
|
|
Mexican Punitive Expedition, 1916-1917
|
John Pershing Led
110,000 troops sent to the Mexican border.
11,000 troops crossed into Mexico looking for Pancho Villa.
Ended when US entered WWI.
Last of true cavalry operations for the US Army.
|
|
World War I, 1914-1918
|
U.S. not involved until 1917
German Foreign missionary
Public Response was widespread.
Ended Punitive War
Texas stopped teaching German in schools Veto funds for German appt.
Anti-German sentiment > Prohibition
Brandenburg > Old Glory
|
|
Camp Logan
|
located in Memorial Park in Houston
Military training camp during WWI,
Built by an all black regimen
Was used to train military police
Some of the black infantry that were off in Houston were arrested when a black woman was being assaulted and stepped in
One was killed by…
|
|
Zimmerman Memo
|
In 1917 British spies intercepted the message was from German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman calling on Mexico to join in a coming war against the US and promising to help it recover territory lost in the Mexican War of 1846-1848
This gave the US public support to enter WW1
|
|
segregation
|
laws that divided for spaces where whites and blacks could be separated into separate worlds
Progressive era solution
Origin - Plessy v. Ferguson
Also had impact on Mexican-Americans whites voted in white only primaries
Beatings
Lynching
Literacy tests
…
|
|
Texas convict leasing system
|
prisons would lease out inmates to farms that could afford renting the manpower.
stopped bc small farmers couldn't compete with large farmers.
gap got bigger and bigger (large making more $, small making less $ and no profit).
stopped it bc too many small farms were bec…
|
|
lynching
|
To execute without a proper legal trial, especially by hanging;
To commit an act of violence by a mob upon the body of another person.
|
|
Jesse Washington
|
17 year old black man arrested for the murder of Lucy Fryer (a white woman) in Waco, TX.
Arrested simply b/c he was found within 2 blocks of her home.
At his trial, a mob of white men drug him out, chained him to a tree, cut him to pieces with pocket knives and butcher knives, pulled ou…
|
|
The Birth of a Nation, 1915
|
1915 silent drama film directed by D. W. Griffith.
Stunned viewers and glorified the KKK in the Reconstruction era.
Was one of the first full- length movies and broke box office records.
It was based on the novel by Thomas Dixon.
It was a controversial movie that was banned in many ci…
|
|
2nd Ku Klux Klan
|
active against blacks, germans, mexicans, immigrants
To be a member, you had to be: White, Protestant, Native Born, English Speaking
Middle class workers: businessmen, bankers, etc.
"Imperial leader" was Hiran Wesley Evans
Used American Flag
Klan greatly decreased after Klan memb…
|
|
Farmers’ Home Improvement Society
|
started in Waco 1890 by Robert Lloyd Smith
For black farmers, a first for them - Self help for Blacks
dues were for meetings and programs
insurance funds: first successful black businesses
Taught sound financial practices and improved farming techniques
ra…
|
|
Rosenwald schools
|
One of the best ways to add hope to citizens was education (make a better future)
funded by Julius Rosenwald
they were built all over the south
they were schools for black children- elementary and secondary schools
Booker T. Washington worked with Rosenwald on this…
|
|
Red Scare and Nativism
|
Americans were fearful about immigrants bringing communism/socialism over with them from Europe
First immigration sanctions were because people afraid of communism
|
|
Ma Ferguson, the Klan, and 1924 governor election
|
In 1924, a member of the KKK ran as a candidate for TX, between Felix Robertson and Ferguson,
Fergusons name was popular but he could not run so he got his wife to run (Ma Ferguson),
Ma won because they ran a campaign against the KKK,
they put up a coalition for blacks, germans, cathol…
|
|
1920s oil boom, citrus, cotton
|
strike at Spindletop in 1901 started the oil boom
Texas 6th in oil production in 1920.
oil revenue produced a lot of jobs in Texas
cotton developed in West Texas Panhandle because of the boll weevil..... Panhandle has cold temps
aid of irrigation brought up huge cotton farming
citrus…
|
|
Permanent University Fund (PUF)
|
set aside 2.1 million acres of land
oil discovered on these lands; assets of $14 billion
benefits:
2⁄3 of money from these lands go to UT system;
1⁄3 goes to TAMU System (divided proportional to enrollment)
|
|
boll weevil
|
arrived in south texas from mexico in 1894
bug that destroyed cotton crops
because it could not handle the climate in the west, farmers were encouraged to move west
in 1921 alone, the weevils cost texas 1⁄3 of their crop
|
|
Great Depression
|
Lasted from 1929-1939
started october 29, 1929,
the stock markets crashed.
Worldwide consumption of US goods depleted,
banks and businesses collapsed
unemployment rose greatly
|
|
Dust Bowl
|
Dry weather created a drought,
happened in TX panhandle,
huge dust storm caused
dislocation of population
imigrant workers left to go to California
Agricultural Adjustment Act gave subsidies to farmers and helped with taxes
|
|
New Deal
|
First 100 days of Roosevelt's presidency
Roosevelt's responses to the Great Depression
Series of economic programs ( CCC, rural electrification authority, Social Security Act, Works Progress Administration)
provide food and housing, create jobs, prevent future depressions; firs…
|
|
1936 Texas Centennial
|
focus on our own history
dragged people away from the failed revolution (confederacy) and focused on a successful revolution (TX revolution)
Observance helped strengthen Texas
|
|
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), 1929
|
league established by Mexican Americans that fought against segregation of Mexicans:
Created when hispanics were denied basic civil and human rights.
sought to develop pur US citizens, assmiliate Mexican Americans into mainstream, learn English, and pay homage to racial origins -
court…
|
|
Emma Tenayuca
|
Leader of the 'pecan- shellers' strike in 1938
Participated in LULAC's women's auxiliary critical of LULAC
due to the inclusion of women and citizenship-Communist, civil rights labor activist and a female participant and contributor in the Mexican American Civil Rights M…
|
Study Guide: Exam 1