BIOL 320: EXAM 1
70 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Protan
|
defect in red cones
|
|
Protanomaly
|
sensitivity with red cone functioning
|
|
Protanopia
|
Complete red cone deficiency
|
|
Deutan
|
defect in green cones
|
|
Deutanopia
|
complete green cone deficiency
|
|
Tritan
|
defect in blue cones
|
|
Tritanopia
|
complete deficiency in blue cones
|
|
altered sensitivity in blue cones called
|
N/A not seen
|
|
Myopia
|
short-sightedness
(objects near-by are clear; can't see far away)
|
|
Hyperopia
|
long-sightedness/far-sightedness
(near-by objects are blurry; can see far away)
|
|
Presbyopia
|
inability to focus on near objects with aging
|
|
astigmatism
|
blurred vision due to differences in the curvatures of the cornea or lens
|
|
cones responsible for what?
|
color differentiation
|
|
rods responsible for what?
|
contrast (light/dark) and night vision
|
|
accommodation
|
ciliary muscles adjust the lens so that the light from objects at different distances can properly focused on the retina
|
|
anosmia
|
inability to smell
|
|
hemianopia
|
blindness on the affected side (half of visual field)
(hemi = half)
|
|
mydriasis
|
pupil dilation
|
|
diplopia
|
double vision
|
|
tic douloureaux
|
damage to trigeminal neuralgia
|
|
Bell Palsy
|
paralysis of face on side of nerve damage
|
|
vertigo
|
loss of balance and equilibrium, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness
|
|
dysphagia
|
difficulty swallowing
|
|
dysphonia
|
hoarseness
|
|
ageusia
|
loss of taste sensation
|
|
hypoptyalism
|
decrease salivation
|
|
EEG records what?
|
changes in cortical neuron membrane potentials, especially of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
|
|
function of the superior colliculus?
|
visual reflux center
|
|
function of inferior colliculus?
|
part of auditory relay center
|
|
wave frequency is what? unit?
|
peaks/second;
Hertz (Hz)
|
|
K complex
|
sudden increase in amplitude, irregular theta activity in stage 2
|
|
sleep spindles
|
short bursts of 12-14hz brain waves, irregular theta activity in stage 2
|
|
awake but relaxed brain wave
|
alpha waves
|
|
awake, alert brain wave
|
beta wave
|
|
children brain waves
|
theta waves
|
|
deep sleep waves
|
delta waves
|
|
8 to 13 hz brain wave
|
alpha
|
|
13 to 30 hz brain wave
|
beta
|
|
4 to 8 hz brain wave
|
theta
|
|
0.5 to 4 hz brain wave
|
delta
|
|
30 and 50 hz brain wave
|
gamma
|
|
the more active the brain, the higher _____, and lower the _____ of the EEG
|
frequency; amplitude
|
|
controversial, Buddhist monk brain wave
|
Gamma
|
|
wake up chemicals
|
orexins
|
|
biological clock
|
suprachiasmatic nucleus
|
|
sleep-inducing center
|
preoptic nucleus
|
|
reticular activating center (RAS)
|
sends impulses to keep cerebral cortex alert and conscious
|
|
cones are concentrated where?
|
fovea
|
|
retina nerve cells
|
Muller cells
|
|
light first passes through the __?
|
cornea
|
|
process of light to reach retina
|
cornea > pupil > lens > vitreous humor > retina
|
|
fast pain is carried by __; slow pain carried by ___
|
myelinated A-delta fibers; unmyelinated C fibers
|
|
thermoception
|
sense of hot and cold
|
|
prorioception
|
perception of body position
|
|
stroop test
|
indv. ability to focus on color of word, instead of meaning of word
|
|
when the optic nerve ceases to transmit visual information, with rapid eye movement
|
saccadic masking
|
|
area with no photoreceptors; where optic nerve and blood vessels enter/exit
|
optic disc
|
|
fovea is located in the center of the ____
|
macula
|
|
stroop interference
|
dissociating the color from the written word
|
|
circle of willis
|
circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to brain and surrounding structures
|
|
cells in pineal gland
|
pinealocytes, pineal neurons, perivascular phagocytes, interstitial cells
|
|
acervuli
|
calcium deposits in pineal gland, sign of alzheimer's
|
|
pineal gland secretes
|
melatonin
|
|
thalamus is the...
|
relay station
|
|
anterior pituitary gland secretes what hormones?
|
prolactin, TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH (adrenocroticotropic hormone)
|
|
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates what?
|
production/stimulation of cortisol in adrenal gland
|
|
posterior pituitary gland secrets what hormones?
|
oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (adh)
|
|
pars intermedia secretes what?
|
alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
|
|
tapetum lucidum
|
layer of tisue in many vertebrates; gives night vision
|
|
Deutanomaly
|
altered sensitivity in green cone function
|
BIOL 320: EXAM 1