ARCH 250: FINAL EXAM
41 Cards in this Set
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Strawberry Hill
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England
Horace Walpole
1748
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Strawberry Hill
What are some of the characteristics of Horace Walpoles house? What style of Architecture is it?
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Design: Georgian Gothic
Library Bookcases are based on Gothic rooms of Saint Pauls
Imitates the Perpendicular fan vault st “On my honor, as an Aggie, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this academic work.
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How does Boulees Design for Sir Isaac Newton's cenotaph reflect French Rationalism?
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Hypothetical project created designed by Boulee to honor Newtons Discovery
Sphere=perfect form of the Picturesque, (sublime)
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What do we know about Pierre Charles L'Enfant's background and training? How does his plan for the city of Washington D.C. reflect ideas from the European Boroque.
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French Born architect and civil engineer
Envisioned a city that went beyond a simple survey, envisioned a city were important buildings occupy strategic places based on changes of elevation.
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Saline Royale de Chaux
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France 1775-1779, Claude-Nicholas
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Saline Royale:
Describe the types of buildings and their arrangement. How do the location and decoration of each building reflect is purpose??
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Directors house at corner, workers houses around the perimeter. Areas beyond the houses include gardens, recreational facilities, communal buildings= Utopian city. Buildings should be recognizable for what they were.
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Saline Royale
How does the gatehouse combine Neo-classical architecture and decorative details that relate to salt production??
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The facade has a monumental Doric Columnade, entabature and cornice. The actual entrances are designed to look like a salt mine.
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Saline Royal:
How dies this complex building demonstrate the rising importance of industrialization(18th century)
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Factories were important, if everything was close together, then it was more effective
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University of Virginia
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Chancellorsville,Virginia
Thomas Jefferson
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University of Virginia:
What are some of the building types that Jefferson designed for the campus?
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Buildings: Library, Student Rooms, lecture halls and faculty residences
Library: Inspired by Pantheon
Pavilion: Doric Order, Used Roman Arches
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United States Capitol Building
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William Thornton, Benjamin Latrobe and others,
1793 – 1866.
DC
neoclassical
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United States Capitol:
Why did people like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson believe that the Neoclassical style of architecture was appropriate for the capitol building of the United States.?
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Neoclassical is Greek Architecture
Greeks invented democracy
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United States Capitol: Who was the first architecture of the capitol building?
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William Thorton, Thorton created the two wings, signifying unity.
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What do we know about Benjamin Henry Latrobe's training and career? What are some of the buildings he designed in the United States?
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- Born in England, around Europe, and practiced as an engineer and architect in and around London: apprentice to an engineer
- Member of Freemasons.
- Came to the US, first professionally trained architect to practice in the US.
-Continued on Thortons design, but enlarged the porch, …
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Altes Museum
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-Karl Schinkel
-Friedrich Wilhelm III paid for construction
-1st public art museum in Europe, establishes connection between Neo-classical architecture and fine arts in modern Europe
-giant ionic colonnade facade, orthogonal simplicity creates a sense of urban dignity
Makes References…
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What role does the École des Beaux-Arts and the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures play in 19th century architectural design in France and elsewhere? Who are some of famous graduates from each school?
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Ecole des Beaux Arts- combined schools of architecture, sculpture, and painting;
Garnier
Joseph Paxton
Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures- to develop practical applications arising form great scientific discoveries- industrial science. Combines manufacturing and engine…
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Neo-Palladian Architecture(Palladism)
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Inspired by Palladio
Lord Burlington
Returned to first principles of antiquity
Rejected Boroque style
Proportion and symmetry were a must
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Grand Tour
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in order to complete their education, young Englishmen and Americans in the eighteenth century undertook a journey to Italy to absorb ancient and renaissance sites
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Saint Pauls Cathedral
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London, England
Christopher Wren
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Saint Pauls Cathedral: What happened to the medieval church that stood on this location?
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It was burned by "The Great Fire"
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Saint Pauls Cathedral: What do we know about Christophers Wren and his accomplishments?
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He commissioned the rebuilding of London City after the Great Fire, mathematician, astronomer, and studied anatomy.
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Saint Paul's Cathedral: How did Christopher Wren's design of St. Paul's evolve from the Great Model Plan in 673 to the Warrant Design Plan in 1675?
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1673- Major dome in Eight pries Similar to Bramantes Plan.
Warrants Design: 1675 has a triple dome design (Gothic Architecture)
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Chiswick House
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London, England
Lord Burlington
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What building inspired Lord Burlington when he designed his home, Chiswick House? What elements are copied from Renaissance architecture? What about it is new or innovative?
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- Based upon the design of Palladio's Villa Rotunda, Vicenza (1566-1570)
- Shape of windows is based on Palladio's Basilica in Vicenza: Palladian windows or "Serliana"
- interior spaces follow Palladian proportions
- one portico instead of four; octagonal drum and drum like Pantheon. P…
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Chiswick House: Whar are some of the characteristics borrowed from the Italian Renaissance?
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pavillions, pediments, Serliana
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What were Pugin’s views on Gothic (medieval) architecture, especially as compared to Renaissance or Neoclassical architecture?
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Faith and Gothic go by hand by hand. Spirituality inspires his designs. Middle Ages and Gothic architecture = greater spirituality and craftsmanship
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Who was John Ruskin and what role did he play in defining 19th century opposition to the Industrial Revolution?
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-Ruskin lived in England from 1819-1900.
-Art critic, writer, social commentator.
-Opposed industrial revolution and technological progress on the grounds that they lead to a decline of social values and artistic quality.
-Creator of the Arts and Crafts movement. Promoted craftsman…
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Houses of Parliament
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London, England, Sir Charles Barry
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Houses of Parliament:Why was it necessary to rebuild the Houses of Parliament in London? What style is the new building and why was this style selected?
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- Fire in 1834 destroyed it
- Gothic/ Elizabethan style
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Houses of Parliament: Explain how Sir Charles Barry and A.W.N. Pugin collaborated to create this building (who did what?).
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Barry - plan
- Pugin - decoration
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Houses of Parliament:
How does the plan of the building reflect the government of Great Britain? How does it compare to the United States Capitol building in Washington, D.C.?
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The government held a competition for a new building to be designed in either Gothic or Elizabethan style. New design built around the surviving Westminister Hall and other structures.
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Menier Factory
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Noisel-sur-Seine, France, Jules Saunier, 1871-1872
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Menier Factory:Describe the materials and techniques used to build the Turbine Building at the Menier Factory.
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-Wrought-iron frame with brickwork skin.
The framework is exposed on the surface of the building.
Wrought-iron frame (exterior lattice girders) with brickwork skin. Interior had cast-iron columns.
Integration of structure and decoration seen in polychrome brickwork.
Decorative pat…
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E. V. Haughwout Department Store
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New York, Daniel Badger and John P Gaynor, 1856-1857
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E. V. Haughwout Department Store:
How does the design of the Haughwout Department Store reflect Renaissance architecture? How do the materials reflect the industrial developments of the 19th century?
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-Façade is designed to look like Renaissance palazzo.
-Built of mass-produced cast iron building elements. Deign repeats same elements over and over to achieve desired size.
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Reliance Building
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Chicago, Il. Daniel Burnham, John Root, and Charles B. Atwood, 1894-1895
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Reliance Building:
What are some of the materials and techniques used to build the Reliance Building?
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-Internal steel skeleton, load carried by truss work columns
-Factory-assembled two-story steel columns made it possible to erect the top ten stories in fifteen days
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Reliance Building:
What are some of the challenges faced by their architects? What were some of their innovations in design and structure that made their buildings a success?
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-Height of the buildings.
-Windows.
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Reliance Building:
What was the original purpose of this building? What is it today?
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Used to be a skyscraper it is now a Hotel
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Auditorium Building
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Chicago, IL, Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan, 1886
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Auditorium Building:
What type of building is this? What sorts of activities took place here? How did this contribute to its financial success?
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theater and hotel
- entertainment and hospitality
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ARCH 250: TEST 1 BUILDINGS/ STYLES