ARCH 250: TEST 1 BUILDINGS/ STYLES
36 Cards in this Set
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gothic style
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medieval structures
skeletal, vertical
pointed arch, ribbed vault, nave/processional, choir, section, elevation, apse, transcept (optional), flying buttress
plan looks like large cross with "bubbles" (choir surrounded by apse) on eastern side
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byzantine style
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domes; emphasis on gathering space rather than procession
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later byzantine style (Russia)
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Mongol invasion righ after they invaded Vikings;
1443-Proclamation of the Russian Orthodox church
wood
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Venetian Byzantine
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influenced by Byzantine, maritime center, and Italy
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islamic architecture
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organic architecture: use region/domestic techniques to make it look alive; measurement based on body lengths; construct patterns already existent in location
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architecture of China/Japan
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based on Confucianism; balance; symmetry is geometric
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Gardens of China/Japan
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based on Daoism; balance; vertical and horizontal balance
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King's College Chapel
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1446-1515
Cambridge, UK
English Gothic
"fan" vault (roof): geometric spider web
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Milan Cathedral
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1350-1400
Milan, Italy
finished in 1858
Italian Mosaics & polychroming; pointed arch, ribbed vaulting; high light wells
extravagant exterior
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Piazza del Campo (Sienna Urban plan)
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Siena, Tuscany, Italy
central meeting place; urban interior=courtyard; surrounded by buildings
red brickwork, fan-shaped
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Doge's Palace
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Venice, Italy
1309-1424
in Piazza San marco
looks like "Venetian" in Vegas
reds and whites; crosses; "lacy"
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Santa Maria Novella (Interior)
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late 13th century-early 14th century
Florence, Italy
interior older than exterior; white and black;
giant vaulted ceilings w/ italian polychroming underneath
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St. Marco Church
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rebuilt early 11th century
Venice, Italy
greek cross plan with equilateral arms; 1 central dome with 4 ancillary domes it (taller shells erected later); turrets added later to domes; domes on pendentives
dark interior
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Hosios Lukas
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Boeotia, Greece
cross-in-square (quincunx) plan; 2 churches (Mother of God and St Luke) connected by narthex of top church and open court
small central dome with four smaller domes surrounding it (Mother)
dome on squinch (Luke)
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Church of the Raising of Lazarus
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late 14th century
Kizhi, Russia
middle of nowhere
wooden, three roofs (center is highest, widest roof in back), vestibule in front, nave middle, sanctuary in back; onion dome on middle; tiny windows
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Church of the Nativity of the Virgin
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late 16th century
Novgorod, Russia
Greek cross plan
Shatyor roof (tentish), stacked cantilever holding up external gallery; wood
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St. Basil the Blessed
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Mid 16th century
Moscow, Russia
gray, massive, thick stone walls; octagonal with central sequence (8 "outer" domes & one main one over center sanctuary
bright coloring on exterior onion domes; shatyor roof over sanctuary
inside less dramatic and ornate (bright, golden look)
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Yazd Urban Fabric
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Yazd, Iran
thin bazaar connects two mosques
desert-esque coloring
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Alhambra
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13th & 14th centuries
Granada, Spain
court with fountain in middle, water directed out in cross-shape; creates four gardens;
golden interior; ornate "lacy"
high ceiling with geometric patterning (webby)
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Gerami's House
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late 19th century
Yazd, Iran
2 courtyards (smaller=public); recession to make it lighter in case of earthquake; rooms face courtyard b/c most important space; everything forms around courtyard; extended families live in house
order of private vs public to house;
summer room face…
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Friday Mosque of Isfahan
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8-17th centuries
Isfahan, Iran
very open and outside; four raised squares with recession with coffers (iwans)
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Masjid-i-Shah of Isfahan
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1st half of 17th century
royal mosque; across from palace in square; blue dome and minarates; open area surrounded by iwans; elaborate tile decoration
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Tomb of Ismail the Samanid
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1st half of 10th century
Bukhara, Uzbekistan
symbolic exterior
similar geometry
rich, advanced peoples
lacks color (because morbid);
cubic with dome atop
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Gur-i-Amir
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early 15th century
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
big city, lots of color, LARGE; bulbous dome grows wider upward then curves inward
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Bibi-Khanym Mosque
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14th century
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
primitive dome made of arches; resembles gur-i-amir
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"Pagoda" of fogong Temple
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mid 11th century
Shanxi, China
influence of Indian tradition; finial (turned upward corners) roofing;
hexagonal, shrine w/ informal sitting and standing;
Buddha on central axis (smaller ones on upper floors)
wooden
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The Tianluokeng "tulou" group
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Fujian, China
2 levels (with balcony overlooking courtyard)
emphasis on communal living;
like a crater/volcano
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Plan of Chiang'an
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6th century
Chang'an, China
grid
hierarchal arrangement (by importance and user); north-south orientation; strong axes, symmetry; square
palace at front, then admin centers, then mkts, then residential area
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Forbidden City
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15th century
Beijing, China
strict axis (main buildings lined up in a row); geometric;
main gate and follow through based on rank;
Meridian Gate, Gate of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Supreme Harmony (finial roofing & on a pedestal) then only royal family allowed
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Garden of the Master of the Fishing Nets
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Jiangsu, China
wood structure, no clear axis;
home extension of nature
aggregation of spaces
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Frragrant Hills Hotel
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IM Pei
Beijing, China
wood, lattice window (ornamental and a border of in/outside); rooms look into courtyard;
central courtyard with vertical rocks and horizontal water
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Ise Grand Shrine
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Mie prefecture, Japan
Shinto religion; windmill-look
elevated structure b/c important; thatched roof (wood); central post in front and back
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Yoshimura House
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1st half of 17th century
Osaka, Japan
long; designed with tatami mats (straw in rice); public space then private space; gravel/dirt rooms for animals/storage; living spaces slightly elevated
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Katsura Imperial Villa
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1st half of 17th century
Kyoto, Japan
on lake;
asymmetric, spaces organized around landscape elements; every inch of garden is composed; elevated, wooden
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Horjuyi Temple Complex
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late 7th century-early 8th century
Nara, Japan
pagoda tower for show (cannot go up)
Buddhism; clustering of bldgs; harmony of vertical and horizontal (balanced asymmetry); wood; modified post & lintel
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House of Sugimoto
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Enshu;
18th and 19th centuries
Kyoto, Japan
tall wooden slats; no windows; tatami mats
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ARCH 250: TEST 1 BUILDINGS/ STYLES