SLHS 1150: QUIZ 1
45 Cards in this Set
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Role of nervous system
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Controls and Regulates almost all motor, sensory, & cognitive processes (i.e.) everything you do, feel & think.)
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Purpose of respiratory system
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The purpose of the respiratory system is to provide respiration
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Primary muscles of respiratory system
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Diaphram and intercostals
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Purpose of the Phonatory System
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•Converts air flow / energy into sound
•To provide resonating chamber for the air flow
•Voice production by vocal fold vibration
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Parts of phonary system
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•Pharynx
–3 divisions (nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx)
•Larynx
–Home to the vocal folds
•Trachea
–The windpipe
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Parts of Resonatory System
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•Nasal Cavity
•Oral Cavity
•Laryngeal Cavity
•Velopharyngeal Port
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Purpose of the Resonatory System
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•Modification of airflow from pharynx into oral & nasal cavities
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Parts of Articulatory System
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•Maxilla
•Mandible
•Lips
•Teeth
•Hard Palate
•Soft Palate (velum)
•Tongue
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Purpose of the Articulatory System
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•Manipulates / shapes airflow from the phonatory system into precise speech sounds.
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What Is A Articulation Disorder?
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- Physical etiology, sounds are consistently absent or distorted.
- CANNOT make the sound
- EVERYTIME they try and say c it becomes b
- LISPS are articulation disorder
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What is a Phonological Disorder?
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You misuse the sound but not all the time, it depends on where it is in the word= in brain it is a different set of rules when to use the sound.
CAN make the sound but just use it wrong sometime. If this is only happening at the beginning of words it is a phonological disorder
EX: …
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How do you assess phonological and articulatory disorders?
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•Determine:
–Presence of disorder
–Etiology (cause)
–Affected sounds
–Treatment
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The Goldman Fristoe
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Easel-style book with 43 picture plates
53 target words
61 consonant sounds in the initial,medial, and/or final positions
16 consonant clusters in initial position
Prompting and Recueing
Easy to Score
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why we like the goldman fristoe
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-easy to administer
-easy to score
-covers most phonemes
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Limitations of Goldman Fristoe
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Hard to score in real time
Doesn't rule out a phonological disorder
Some pictures can be hard to name
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How do we treat articulation disorders?
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•Drilling
•Oral Motor Exercises
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What Is A Speech Disorder?
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•Speech disorder: inability to produce sounds correctly/fluently or voice problem
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What is Fluency?
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•Speech with appropriate
–Rate
–Rhythm
•That is
–Smooth
–Effortless
automatic
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What is Disfluency?
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•Pause
•Interjection
•Revision
•Disfluencies don’t always detract from communicative quality
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What is a fluency disorder?
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•Speech with an unusually high rate of disfluencies that disrupts the flow of communication.
–More than 3 SLDs / 100 words
•Speech that hinders social communication or educational/occupational performance
(Stuttering)
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Primary Stuttering Behaviors
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•Monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
•Part-word repetitions
–Sound: b-b-birthday
–Syllable: bar-bar-barbaric
•Sound Prolongation
•Blocks
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Secondary Stuttering Behaviors
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•Physical Behavior
–Eye blinking
–Head jerking
–Fist clenching
•Psychosocial behaviors
–Avoidance of words / sounds
–Passiveness in conversation
–Fear, embarassment, shame
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Warning signs for developmental fluency disorders
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1.Repetition of parts of words, especially the first part
2.More than 3 repetitions of a single speech unit
3.Prolongation of a sound, getting stuck on a sound
4.Evidence of frustration or embarassment while speaking
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Diagnosis of stuttering
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1. 10+ total disfluencies in 100 words
2. 3+ disfluencies in 100 words, made up of blocks, monosyllabic word repetitions, sound repetitions, and prolongations
3.Physical escape behaviors
4.Verbal avoidance behaviors
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How do we assess stuttering disorders?
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Case history
Fluency charting grid
Questionnaire
Normed or criterion based tests
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What are the Interventions for Fluency Disorders?
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- Wait and see
- Environmental modification (family centered, modify social situations and repeat words)
- Operant training models (family centered, positive feedback)
- Stuttering Modification (You’re going to stutter, it’s ok, we’ll help you through it, controlled stuttering)
- Flue…
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What are the classifications of voice disorders?
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•Vocal abuse
•Nodules/ Granuloma
•Neurogenic voice disorders
•Psychogenic voice disorders
•Alaryngeal communication
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What is vocal abuse?
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A voice disorder caused by chronic or intermittent overuse or misuse of the vocal apparatus: can happen due to talking in noisy environments/ coughing or clearing the throat frequently/using caffine/ yelling screaming, cheering/lecturing/ smoking/secondhand
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What are nodules?
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A voice disorder caused by small bilateral growths on the vocal folds
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What are nodules?
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A voice disorder which happens when irritation of vocal folds leads to healing and the healing generates mass of tissue on the arytenoid: a granuloma
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What are Neurogenic voice disorders?
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A voice disorder resulting from Neurogenic Voice Disorders-results from illness, damage, or disease to the neurological systems associated with voice production
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What is Alaryngeal communication?
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A voice disorder that happens when individuals produce voice without the benefit of a larynx- often results from a tracheostomy or laryngectomy
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What is the assessment procedure for voice disorders?
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- Review of case history
- Asking a lot of questions about how they use their voice and how motivated they are to fix it.
- Oral motor exam
- Clinical observation prompting voice use
- Instrumentation
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What are treatments for voice disorders?
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- Counseling
- Voice hygeine
- Respiration exercises
- Loudness reduction exercises
- Relaxation training
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What is aphasia?
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•An acquired disturbance in the language system
–After language has been established
–The result of neurological injury to the language dominant hemisphere of the brain
- Affects expressive and receptive capabilities of both spoken and written language
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What are common causes of aphasia?
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•Traumatic Brain Injury
•Brain Tumor
•Stroke
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What are the 2 types of aphasia?
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Fluent and non-fluent
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What is the assessment process for aphasia?
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•Screen
•Aphasia Battery
•Offline Instrumentation
•Online Instrumentation
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What are aphasia tests examining?
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•Spontaneous speech
•Auditory comprehension
•Repetition
•Naming skills
•Reading skills
•Writing skills
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What are the aspects of prognosis for aphasia?
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–Influenced by
•Site of lesion
•Size of lesion
•Severity of aphasia
•Handedness
•Age
•Pre-injury health
Motivation for treatment
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What is the treatment like for apahsia?
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- Plasticity: often the brain rewires itself
- Drills working on
- Motor planning
- Motor execution
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What is dementia?
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–A chronic and progressive decline in
•Memory
•Cognition
•Language
•Personality
–Resulting from CNS dysfunction
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What must dementia include?
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•Must include decline in memory AND ONE of
–Ability to generate coherent speech
–Ability to recognize / identify objects
–Ability to execute motor activities
–Ability to think abstractly, make sound judgments, carry out complex tasks
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What are some causes of dementia?
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•Alzheimer’s disease
•Vascular dementia
•Frontotemporal dementia
•Creutzfeldt-Jakob
•Huntington’s disease
Parkinsons disease
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What is the treatment of dementia?
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•Environmental changes
•Optimizations to communication
- Can be effective in mild / moderate cases of dementia
- Treatments can manage, but aren’t effective at improving
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SLHS 1150: QUIZ 2