Test 2: ANSC 107
36 Cards in this Set
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Digestion
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Breakdown of food by the digestive system in preparation for absorption.
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Three Ways in which digestion occurs
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Physical and mechanical action
Chemical Action Enzyme Action
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Physical or Mechanical Action
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The physical and mechanical action of chewing (mastication) and muscular action of the digestive tract (peristalsis).
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Chemical Action
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The chemical action of hydrochloric acid, which is used by the stomach to denature proteins and bile used in the small intestine to help digest fats.
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Enzyme Action
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The action of enzymes, which increase the speed of the breakdown of the chemical bonds in foods by the addition of a water molecule (hydrolytic enzyme)
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Three basic analytical methods commonly used to analyze feeds for nutrient content.
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Chemical Procedures: standard chemistry applied to feeds
Biological Procedures: use of animals to test the feeds Microbiological Procedures: similar to biological but use bacteria in place of higher animals
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Feed analysis
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properly feeding livestock requires knowledge of the nutrients found in the feedstuffs available and balancing of these nutrients to meet the physiological needs for the species in question
a comprehensive evaluation procedure discovers nutrient composition DIGESTIBILITY, productive valu…
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Dry Matter
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Dry matter is determined by heating a feed sample until all water has evaporated.
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Ash
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Ash is considered the mineral content of the feed stuff (non-organic matter)
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Crude Protein
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Crude Protein is determined by the kjeldahl process.
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Kjeldahl Process
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Isolates and measures the nitrogen in a feed.
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Monogastric
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one-stomached or simple stomach animal
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Ruminants
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cattle, sheep, goats and llamas, are more complex-stomached animals that have more than one stomach compartment.
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Pseudoruminant
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Llamas
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Three digestive categories
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Carnivores
Omnivores Herbivores
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Prehension
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the means an animal uses to bring food into its mouth, is the first step of digestion.
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Mastication
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or chewing, involves the vertical and lateral action of the jaw and teeth to crush food
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Salivation
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includes secretion and mixing of saliva with food
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Deglutition
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is the passing of food and water (or anything else) from the mouth
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Glandular Stomach
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Where significant chemical and enzymatic gidetion begins, which is similar in most animals
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Proventriculus
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Chickens stomach
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Abomasum
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Cows stomach, last compartment
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Duodenum
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is the first part of the small intestine. It extends fromt he pylorus of the stomach to the beginning of the jejunum.
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Jejunum
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Is the second part of the small intestine and longest part. Digestion continues here, but absorption of the end products of digestion is its major function.
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ileum
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is the third part of the small intestine. Its major job is to form the connection to the large intestine, but absorption occurs here too.
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Small Intestine
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chief site of food digestion and nutrient absorption for monogastrics.
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Chyme
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The name given to the material consisting of food, saliva, and gastric secretions. It is very acidic.
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Alkaline secretions in Chyme
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Chyme is mixed in the duodenum with three alkaline secretions. -bile -pancreatic juice -succus entericus (intestinal juice)
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Defecation
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Is the discharge of excrement from the body via the rectum or cloaca.
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Micturition
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is urination. The components of urine include the nitrogen compounds- urea in mammals and uric acid in birds and other species
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Digestion in the Pig
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The pig is omnivorous, which means it eats and uses feed ingredients of both animal and plant origin.
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Eructation
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Belching. Removing gas from the rumen via the esophagus.
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Bloat
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Also called Ruminal Bloat. an over-distention of the rumen and reticulum with the gases of fermentation.
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Symbiosis
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The animal benefits because the microorganisms digest feeds it could not otherwise use and generate nutrients it needs.
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Bird Stomach
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similar to monogastric stomach except for the lack of teeth and the presence of the gizzard and the crop. The gizzard or ventriculus is a highly specialized grinding organ
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Horse Stomach
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-The horse is a non-ruminant herbivore
-Capable of using roughage because they have an active cecal bacterial population that digests fiber. -capacity of stomach is smaller than other mammals. -Fats are absorbed in the small intestine -
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Test 1: Study Guide