Psych 351: Unit 2
75 Cards in this Set
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___ involves interpreting info and connecting it with other info
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...
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PsychInfo is an example of
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Cue Dependent
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Structures in the Medial Temporal Lobes are involved in ___ memory
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...
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___ priming results in an enhanced ability to identify a stimulus; ___ priming results in facilitated processing of the meaning of a stimulus
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Perceptual ; Conceptual
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___ memory is memory of facts and ___ memory is memory of events
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Semantic ; Episodic
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Learning that occurs not as a result of a purposeful attempt but as a by-product of performing a task is ___ learning
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incidental
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Remembering your birthday and the hospital you were born in requires ___ memory
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Semantic
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Non conscious forms of LTM that are expressed as a change in behavior without conscious recollection make up ___ memory
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implicit
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H.M. could not remember
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new information
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Cramming the night before an exam is an example of
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Massed Practice
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Remembering what happened on your last birthday requires ___
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episodic
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the Superiority of distributed practice of massed practice is known as
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Spacing effect
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memory tests examining change in performance are referred to as ___ memory tests
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Explicit
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studying for cognition on hour/day is an example of
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distribution practice
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Studying in the same room as an exam is an example of
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Context-Dependent effect
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LTM memory can be divided into ___ and ___ memory
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explicit and implicit
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inability to remember new info is called
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anterograde amnesia
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Using a computer metaphor for cognition, the hard drive is ___
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Long-Term Memory
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Translating verbal info into speech based code is ___
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Acoustic processing
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The Baddeley-HItch model of memory was major change in thinking that memory because it stresses
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a work place for cognition
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working memory capacity refers to the amount of info that can be ___
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held accessible
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The Brown-Peterson task was used to assess the ___ of STM
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duration
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Verbal info is processed in a short term memory buffer referred to as the ___
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phonological loop
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the phonological loop consists of what two components?
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-phonological store
-articulatory rehearsal
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hearing a phone number over and over in your head is and example of
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phonological loop
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together, short term mental storage and manipulation operations are called __
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working memory
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miller argued that STM holds about _ items
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three (3)
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the model of memory was proposed by ___
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Atkinson and SHiffrin
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W. James believed that ___ memory is an initial repository for info to be inspected and attended to while ___ memory is a Long term storage system
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-Primary
-Secondary
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the ___ is the control system in the Baddeley-Hitch model
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central executive
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there is a debate over whether or not info lost from STM is lost dues to __ or __
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-Decay
-Interference
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The idea that every executive process is mediated by PFC is the ___
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Frontal Executive Hypothesis
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P. Gage’s accident had the most impact on his
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personality
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A process that is initiated w/out our attention is considered to be __
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automatic
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The Tower of Hanoi problem shows that frontal patients have difficulty switching attention and ___
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inhibiting semantic info
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Cohen (1996) referred to the Executive-Attention component of neural-network as the ___
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attention controller
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and individual has deficits in self monitoring, attention-switching, and sequential behaviors to achieve a goal, what would they have?
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Frontal - Lobe Syndrome
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it is speculated that info cannot be conscious unless it is first processed in the ___
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frontal lobe
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response inhibition is related to the ___ of PFC
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development
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Frontal lobe patients are _ at determining the _ critical attribution in the WI Card Sort Task compared to normal participants
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Same / first
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an accidental explosion during railroad construction sent a tamping iron through P. Gage’s ___
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Frontal lobe
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someone is extremly unorganized and struggles with a variety of different tasks given to him, may have _
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executive dysfunction
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patients with damage to the __ are significantly less accurate on incompatible Stroop trials than normal subjects
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Dorsolateral PFC
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with normal subjects, responses to incompatible Strop trials are _ accurate and _ than responses to compatible trials
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About as / slower
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the __ monitors the amount of conflict between nodes at the response level and engages executive attention as conflict increases
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anterior PFC
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in the info-processing model for task switching, executive processes include __ and __
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-goal shifting
-rule activation
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Suppressing a partially prepared response is known as
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response inhibition
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assessing one’s ongoing performance is __
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monitoring
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results from the WI Card Sort Task with frontal patients suggests that PFC is important for
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attenting switching
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executive attention is required whenever
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multiple processes are competing
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the response layer of a neural network is associated with __
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motor cortex
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Alzheimer’s disease patients have atrophy of the
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prefrontal cortex
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the attentional controller activates nodes in a neural network based on __
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relevance to goals
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neural network models are composed of __ layers
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-input
-hidden
-output (response)
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when looking for a face in the crowd, it is easier to find an angry face than a neutral or happy face. this is an example of _
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Valence-asymmetric
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a universal finding is on that is found across _
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cultures
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whether emotion is positive or negative it is _
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Valence
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__ are beliefs, preferences, and predispositions with an affective component toward an object or person
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Attitude
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the _ can modulate the consolidation process by altering the storage of new memories
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Amygdala
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shock is a _ reinforcer and money is a _ reinforcer
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primary and secondary
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__ conditioning involves learning an association between a neutral event and and emotional event
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classical
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__ refers to clear and vivid memories of surprising or consequential events
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flashbulb memory
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universal emotions are also called _ emotions
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basic
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the __ is associated with emotional learning involved automatic responses
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amygdala
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the _ is one of the main areas of the brain involved in emotional processing
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amygdala
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becoming sick after eating sushi and now you won’t eat sushi, is an example of classical __
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autonomical conditioning
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_ simply involves using research participants about their emotions
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Direct assessment
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when you are angry, your __ nervous system becomes activated and causing your heart rate to increase
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sympathetic
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research shows that emotional arousal can __ memory
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enhance
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__ are generally diffused affective states lasting for relatively long durations
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moods
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an __ is a brief episode of synchronized responses
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emotion
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according to the circumflex model of emotion, a range of emotion can be characterized by the degree to which __ and __ are combined
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Arousal and valence
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you have just escaped a fear provoking stimulus, you _ nervous system become more active
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parasympathetic
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a researcher shows you a video on industrial accidents. what method is he using
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Mood inducing
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the __ is associated with emotional learning involving autonomic responses
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amygdala
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Psych 351: Unit 2