Psych 351 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I N A Outline of Current Lecture II Introduction A Questions involving the mind III Ancient Views of the Mind a Trepanation b Ancient Egyptians c Galen IV The Birth of Psychology a Physiology b Philosophy i Empiricism and Rationalism V British Empiricist Philosophers a Bishop Lord Berkeley b David Hume c James and John Stuart Mill VI Scientific Studies and Discoveries a Robert Whyt b Galvani Current Lecture Introduction What control actions decisions and behaviors The Brain Environment Where are you Where is your mind Is it physical or not Your mind is in the brain It is the a physical body but it is more non physical since it deals with thought processes What fills the mind Where does this information come from It is filled with memories and knowledge It comes from perception and learning How quick is your mind How fast are mental processes It depends on a variety of factors though the processes speed is rather average Ancient View of the Mind Trepanation prehistoric Most likely ameliorative done to relieve pain Ancient Egyptians 2500 BC Thought the mind was in the heart but judgment is in the head or the kidneys The brain was unimportant The Bicameral Mind 1200 BC I told my heart my heart told me Organs differed in emotion view the kidneys could be for sadness the lungs for happiness Aristotle s Psyche 384 322 BC The mind is physical Just as the body executes physical actions the psyche located in the heart executes mental action Galen 129 199 AD The seat of the mind is in the brain His patients were gladiators he would take care of them after their fights and examine them This gave him data to support his conclusions First true modern medical doctor He also wrote the first medical book The Birth of Psychology Mid 1800 s There are 2 parents of Psychology Philosophy Physiology Till the mid 1800 s Philosophy was the main work of psychology 2 Early Philosophies of the Mind 1 Rationalist Philosophy Determined that thoughts come from reason alone The way to gain knowledge was to sit in a quiet room and think Renee Descartes 1596 1650 o Dualism of the mind and body The mind and body are fundamentally different The body is mortal the mind soul is immortal Unity of the immortal mind He found a structure in the brain where there was only one of its kind the pineal gland o Pineal gland was thought to be the part of the brain that told the body what to do Believed that the pineal gland was the brain portal for the soul 2 Empiricist Philosophy had 2 major ideas a Empiricism Thought that the mind acquires knowledge through experience Tablua Rasa o We are born as blank states and experience makes marks that mold who we are b Association Effort to explain that the experiences we have make up a rich life John Locke 1632 1704 o Knowledge is elemental o Elemental ideas can be combined via some mental chemistry to become bigger ideas Create an association of ideas British Empiricist Philosophers Bishop Lord Berkeley Everything is a construction of the mind o Esse is percipi To be is to be perceived David Hume Ideas come from impressions sensations and perceptions from the outside world They associate vis a weak force of atraction James Mill Ideas associate because they co occur o Flaw it would be too much items if everything co occurred i e the universe John Stuart Mill James Mill s son Fixed his dad s theory Single ideas fuse together into new ones Combination of Philosophy and Physiology Philosophy of mind Physiology Psychology Empiricism Rationalism Scientific Method Scientific Study Hypotheitco Deductive Method Use experiment collect data accommodate evidence to ending hypothesis or theory Modern science began during the Renaissance Scientific Revolution 14th 18th centuries Psychology was born in Germany 17th century Important Scientific Discoveries Involuntary movement Called the reflex Robert Whyt s Discovery 1751 The spinal cord is sufficient for movement to occur Reflexes are instantaneous and involuntary Realized when accidently touching the spinal cord that the dead frog would move Opened the door for psychology to study unconscious processes Galvani 1791 Animal Electricity o Used metal wires filled with electricity to poke several frogs knees which hopped up when they were first touched First Batery used