PSYCH 351 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Chapters 1 5 Chapter 1 1 How did the mind of ancient Greeks differ from the mind of the people today The Greeks thought that Gods controlled people s minds Presently people believe that individuals take that responsibility of control 2 In the Eidola Theory of Perception how many steps intervene between the world and the mind Zero 3 Give 2 examples of how the mind fails to process information in the world First the experiment involving list of words and remembering what was on the list Second the change in pictures that involved flashing 4 Give 3 examples of how the mind fills in the gaps in our experience of the world Specific attributes can fill in who what it relates to Ex Hear a loud thud might fill in the gaps and think that there is an intruder in your home Chapter 2 1 Why was Galen s textbook on physiology the premier text for 1500 years It was used by all types of scientists in numerous fields psychology biology etc AND it had data to prove his conclusions 2 What are 2 major philosophies of mind from the Renaissance period Empiricism and Rationalism These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 3 Where does knowledge come from according to each philosophy stated in the previous question Rationalism Just sitting there thinking Empiricism From experience 4 Descartes reasoned that the pineal gland was the portal to the immortal mind Why did he focus on this structure There was only one pineal gland He believed that the soul mind was monocharacteristic and that there was only one this is why he chose the pineal gland 5 According to Locke what is the form of the mind s knowledge Elements elements can join together and associate with each other to form ideas 6 How do elements of the mind form more complex ideas The use of association which is the combination of ideas 7 Bishop Lord Berkeley s empiricism said that every perception is the product of The Mind 8 According to John Stuart Mill why do elemental ideas become associated Through empiricism experience 9 What method did physiology provide to the birth of psychology The Hypothetico Deductive Method Chapter 3 1 Why do we say that Herman Von Helmholtz brought the soul to time Because he concluded that the reaction from the brain to body isn t simultaneous 2 How fast is the velocity of the nerve impulse 50 100 meters per second 3 What are the 3 basic parts of a neuron The axon dendrite and cell body 4 What accounts for the differences in transit times The idea of personal equation which is one s own belief of the outcome 5 What is the time it takes a person to react to a given stimulus with a given response called The Simple Reaction Time 6 What is Choice Reaction Time It is when you have one of two potential stimuli and you are forced to make a choice between the two 7 How do you calculate Pure Choice Choice Reaction Time Simple Reaction Time 8 What are the 4 major divisions of the brain Parietal Frontal Temporal Occipital 9 Who discovered localization Broca 10 How does the mental image study of Shepard Metzler challenge Descartes Rationalistic theory of knowledge Yes because it supported the empiricist view that experience was used rather than using the rationalist view Chapter 4 1 What are the two visual pathways that are both the upper and lower routes in the brain The Dorsal and Ventral pathways 2 What pathway is involved in naming an object Ventral pathway 3 What is the Dorsal Pathway involved in It is involved in describing where an object is in space and how we react with said object 4 Viewpoint Dependence means that it is hard to recognize objects in what type of condition A viewpoint that is unfamiliar or an angle not usually seen through 5 Processing perceptual information with increasing complexity in a serial manner solely bottom up is called Hierarchical Processing 6 What characterizes analytic processing Parallel processing or processes being done simultaneously 7 Recognizing famous faces at any angle is called viewpoint invariance V1 supports what kind of potential processing Why V1 supports analytical processing 8 People with Visual Agnosia can see and draw objects but have trouble with what They have trouble with naming objects This could be due to damage in the ventral pathway 9 What happens when you give people with Visual Agnosia the name of an object and ask them to point at a picture of the object They were able to pick the right picture Chapter 5 1 The most basic kind of attention we share with many animals is called the response Oriental 2 The oriental response is controlled Exogenously controlled by external events reflexive response 3 What is it called when we attend to stimulus without shifting gaze to it Covert Attention 4 In Broadbent s Dichotic Paradigm subjects are asked to shadow one ear What does this mean They are asked to do this to know if they are listening to the stimuli 5 What are 3 conclusions of Broadbent s Dichotic Listening Paradigm He concluded that people are greatly limited to attending only one thing at a time that trying to focus on one thing at a time the task trying to get completed will be done better if the 2 tasks up for debate are very different or different pitches That there will be consequences on focusing on one message where the content of the other message is lost or ignored called semantic content 6 Models of attention that propose that information is filtered before deep processing occurs are called Early Selection Models 7 What is the Cocktail Party Effect Does it challenge early selection models of attention If so why The Cocktail Party Effect is the phenomenon of being able to focus one s auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli much the same way that a partygoer can focus on a single conversation in a noisy room It challenges early selection models of attention because you are finding deep meaning out of stimuli without paying attention ex Overhearing your name from a partygoer and thinking in depth what the conversation might have been about what they said about you