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Psych 351: Unit 2
___ involves interpreting info and connecting it with other info |
... |
PsychInfo is an example of |
Cue Dependent |
Structures in the Medial Temporal Lobes are involved in ___ memory |
... |
___ priming results in an enhanced ability to identify a stimulus; ___ priming results in facilitated processing of the meaning of a stimulus |
Perceptual ; Conceptual |
___ memory is memory of facts and ___ memory is memory of events |
Semantic ; Episodic |
Learning that occurs not as a result of a purposeful attempt but as a by-product of performing a task is ___ learning |
incidental |
Remembering your birthday and the hospital you were born in requires ___ memory |
Semantic |
Non conscious forms of LTM that are expressed as a change in behavior without conscious recollection make up ___ memory |
implicit |
H.M. could not remember |
new information |
Cramming the night before an exam is an example of |
Massed Practice |
Remembering what happened on your last birthday requires ___ |
episodic |
the Superiority of distributed practice of massed practice is known as |
Spacing effect |
memory tests examining change in performance are referred to as ___ memory tests |
Explicit |
studying for cognition on hour/day is an example of |
distribution practice |
Studying in the same room as an exam is an example of |
Context-Dependent effect |
LTM memory can be divided into ___ and ___ memory |
explicit and implicit |
inability to remember new info is called |
anterograde amnesia |
Using a computer metaphor for cognition, the hard drive is ___ |
Long-Term Memory |
Translating verbal info into speech based code is ___ |
Acoustic processing |
The Baddeley-HItch model of memory was major change in thinking that memory because it stresses |
a work place for cognition |
working memory capacity refers to the amount of info that can be ___ |
held accessible |
The Brown-Peterson task was used to assess the ___ of STM |
duration |
Verbal info is processed in a short term memory buffer referred to as the ___ |
phonological loop |
the phonological loop consists of what two components? |
-phonological store
-articulatory rehearsal |
hearing a phone number over and over in your head is and example of |
phonological loop |
together, short term mental storage and manipulation operations are called __ |
working memory |
miller argued that STM holds about _ items |
three (3) |
the model of memory was proposed by ___ |
Atkinson and SHiffrin |
W. James believed that ___ memory is an initial repository for info to be inspected and attended to while ___ memory is a Long term storage system |
-Primary
-Secondary |
the ___ is the control system in the Baddeley-Hitch model |
central executive |
there is a debate over whether or not info lost from STM is lost dues to __ or __ |
-Decay
-Interference |
The idea that every executive process is mediated by PFC is the ___ |
Frontal Executive Hypothesis |
P. Gage’s accident had the most impact on his |
personality |
A process that is initiated w/out our attention is considered to be __ |
automatic |
The Tower of Hanoi problem shows that frontal patients have difficulty switching attention and ___ |
inhibiting semantic info |
Cohen (1996) referred to the Executive-Attention component of neural-network as the ___ |
attention controller |
and individual has deficits in self monitoring, attention-switching, and sequential behaviors to achieve a goal, what would they have? |
Frontal - Lobe Syndrome |
it is speculated that info cannot be conscious unless it is first processed in the ___ |
frontal lobe |
response inhibition is related to the ___ of PFC |
development |
Frontal lobe patients are _ at determining the _ critical attribution in the WI Card Sort Task compared to normal participants |
Same / first |
an accidental explosion during railroad construction sent a tamping iron through P. Gage’s ___ |
Frontal lobe |
someone is extremly unorganized and struggles with a variety of different tasks given to him, may have _ |
executive dysfunction |
patients with damage to the __ are significantly less accurate on incompatible Stroop trials than normal subjects |
Dorsolateral PFC |
with normal subjects, responses to incompatible Strop trials are _ accurate and _ than responses to compatible trials |
About as / slower |
the __ monitors the amount of conflict between nodes at the response level and engages executive attention as conflict increases |
anterior PFC |
in the info-processing model for task switching, executive processes include __ and __ |
-goal shifting
-rule activation |
Suppressing a partially prepared response is known as |
response inhibition |
assessing one’s ongoing performance is __ |
monitoring |
results from the WI Card Sort Task with frontal patients suggests that PFC is important for |
attenting switching |
executive attention is required whenever |
multiple processes are competing |
the response layer of a neural network is associated with __ |
motor cortex |
Alzheimer’s disease patients have atrophy of the |
prefrontal cortex |
the attentional controller activates nodes in a neural network based on __ |
relevance to goals |
neural network models are composed of __ layers |
-input
-hidden
-output (response) |
when looking for a face in the crowd, it is easier to find an angry face than a neutral or happy face. this is an example of _ |
Valence-asymmetric |
a universal finding is on that is found across _ |
cultures |
whether emotion is positive or negative it is _ |
Valence |
__ are beliefs, preferences, and predispositions with an affective component toward an object or person |
Attitude |
the _ can modulate the consolidation process by altering the storage of new memories |
Amygdala |
shock is a _ reinforcer and money is a _ reinforcer |
primary and secondary |
__ conditioning involves learning an association between a neutral event and and emotional event |
classical |
__ refers to clear and vivid memories of surprising or consequential events |
flashbulb memory |
universal emotions are also called _ emotions |
basic |
the __ is associated with emotional learning involved automatic responses |
amygdala |
the _ is one of the main areas of the brain involved in emotional processing |
amygdala |
becoming sick after eating sushi and now you won’t eat sushi, is an example of classical __ |
autonomical conditioning |
_ simply involves using research participants about their emotions |
Direct assessment |
when you are angry, your __ nervous system becomes activated and causing your heart rate to increase |
sympathetic |
research shows that emotional arousal can __ memory |
enhance |
__ are generally diffused affective states lasting for relatively long durations |
moods |
an __ is a brief episode of synchronized responses |
emotion |
according to the circumflex model of emotion, a range of emotion can be characterized by the degree to which __ and __ are combined |
Arousal and valence |
you have just escaped a fear provoking stimulus, you _ nervous system become more active |
parasympathetic |
a researcher shows you a video on industrial accidents. what method is he using |
Mood inducing |
the __ is associated with emotional learning involving autonomic responses |
amygdala |