22 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
---|---|
Q<Ksp
|
unsaturated, [ion] is too small, additional solid will dissolve until Q=Ksp
|
Q>Ksp
|
supersaturated, [ion] is too large, additional solid will precipitate until Q=Ksp
|
Q=Ksp
|
at equilibrium, saturated, no change in [ion] and no solid will dissolve or precipitate
|
Bronsted Lowry Acid
|
proton donor
|
Bronsted Lowry Base
|
proton acceptor
|
Bronsted Lowry products
|
conjugate base and conjugate acid
|
Lewis acid
|
electron pair acceptor
|
Lewis base
|
electron pair donor
|
Lewis product
|
Lewis acid-base complex
COORDINATE COVALENT BOND
|
neutral Lewis acids
|
compounds containing:
group 3A elements, organic compounds w/ multiple bonds, and CO2
|
neutral Lewis bases
|
compounds with:
at least one lone pair of electrons
|
ionic Lewis acids
|
cations
|
ionic Lewis bases
|
anions
|
complex ion
|
when a lewis acid base complex carries an overall charge
|
formation constant (Kf)
|
when the equilibrium constant is written to show the formation of a complex ion
|
dissociation constant (Kd)
|
the equilibrium constant written int he opposite direction (1/Kf)
|
1st law of thermodynamics
|
-internal energy of an isolated system is constant
-total energy of the unievrse is constant
- for a closed system, ΔE=q+w
|
2nd law of thermodynamics
|
-at least some energy disperses
-total organized energy decreases
-total disorganized energy increases
|
entropy (s)
|
measure of the disorganized energy within a system
|
ΔSuniverse=ΔSsystem-ΔSsurroundings
>O for a spontaneous process
|
...
|
how to increase entropy
|
higher temp
larger size
gas>liquid>solid
charges of +1 or -1
|
3rd law of thermodynamics
|
allows us to determine the standard molar entropy
ΔS=ΔH/T
|