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CHEM 112: EXAM 3
Q<Ksp
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unsaturated, [ion] is too small, additional solid will dissolve until Q=Ksp
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Q>Ksp
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supersaturated, [ion] is too large, additional solid will precipitate until Q=Ksp
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Q=Ksp
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at equilibrium, saturated, no change in [ion] and no solid will dissolve or precipitate
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Bronsted Lowry Acid
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proton donor
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Bronsted Lowry Base
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proton acceptor
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Bronsted Lowry products
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conjugate base and conjugate acid
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Lewis acid
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electron pair acceptor
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Lewis base
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electron pair donor
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Lewis product
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Lewis acid-base complex
COORDINATE COVALENT BOND
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neutral Lewis acids
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compounds containing:
group 3A elements, organic compounds w/ multiple bonds, and CO2
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neutral Lewis bases
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compounds with:
at least one lone pair of electrons
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ionic Lewis acids
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cations
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ionic Lewis bases
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anions
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complex ion
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when a lewis acid base complex carries an overall charge
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formation constant (Kf)
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when the equilibrium constant is written to show the formation of a complex ion
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dissociation constant (Kd)
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the equilibrium constant written int he opposite direction (1/Kf)
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1st law of thermodynamics
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-internal energy of an isolated system is constant
-total energy of the unievrse is constant
- for a closed system, ΔE=q+w
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2nd law of thermodynamics
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-at least some energy disperses
-total organized energy decreases
-total disorganized energy increases
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entropy (s)
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measure of the disorganized energy within a system
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ΔSuniverse=ΔSsystem-ΔSsurroundings
>O for a spontaneous process
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... |
how to increase entropy
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higher temp
larger size
gas>liquid>solid
charges of +1 or -1
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3rd law of thermodynamics
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allows us to determine the standard molar entropy
ΔS=ΔH/T
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