KIN 100: FINAL / UNIT 3
39 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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Bandwith Feedback
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an error range is determined
if the error is with in the range no feedback is given if the error is large and outside the range then verbal feedback is given
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Massed Practice
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continuous practice with no rest periods
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Distributed Practice
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rest periods interspersed with practice intervals
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Transfer of Learning
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idea that practicing one task (the transfer task) changes your ability to perform another task (the criterion task)
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Kinematic Feedback
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information about the characteristics of the body and limbs that lead up to the movement
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Augmented Feedback
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information received about the consequences of the movement
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Reactive Inhibition
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the tendency for motivation to decrease over time
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Plateaus
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period of time where no improvement in performance takes place
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Learning Curve
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shows the progress as a new task is being learned
*measures performance not learning
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Closed Skill
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when the environment involved is stable
ex: golf or archery
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Open Skill
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when the environment involved is constantly changing
ex: hitting a baseball, driving
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Perceptual Mechanism
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proper interpretation of sensory signals and how the signals are viewed in the context of the current situation
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Pattern Recognition
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when the perceptual mechanism fills in incomplete information based on previous memories
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Effector Mechanism
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execution of the appropriate movement
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Motor Neurons
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neurons that connect to the muscle and originate in the spinal cord
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Motor Unit
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single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it connects to
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ECG
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electrocaridogram
measures the electric activity in the heart
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EEG
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electroencephalogram
measures the electrical activity in the brain
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EMG
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electromyography
measurement of muscle electrical activity
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Purposive Activity
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a movement performed with a clear aim
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Dynamic Visual Acuity
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the ability to discriminate objects while they are moving
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Kinesthetic Sense
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the ability to determine limb and body position in space
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Saccade
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perform rapid eye movement
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Muscle Spindle
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located inside the muscle
detects the length changes and sends neural impulses to the nervous systerm
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Ballistic
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very rapid movements
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Agonist
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muscle group that produces the movement
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Antagonist
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muscle group that opposes the movement
protects the limb from high forces
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Open Loop
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movements that are performed in the absence of feedback
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Reciprocal Activity
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when the agonist flexes and the antagonist relaxes
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Subluxed
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partial or incomplete dislocation
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lordosis
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a curvature of the back
possibly lower back problems
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Isometric Exercise
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muscle contractions that do not change joint angle
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Isotonic Exercise
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strengthens a group of muscles through a range of movement
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concentric exercise
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involves muscle shortening while resistance is being provided
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Eccentric Exercise
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muscle lengthening against resistance
aka negative resistance
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Motor Development
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progressive change in motor behavior throughout the lifecycle
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Hypoxia
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when the brain does not receive adequate amounts of oxygen
function and longevity of nerve cells is reduced
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Presbycusis
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hearing loss associated with old age
caused by loss of inner ear nerve cell, decreased flexibility in middle ear bones and membranes, and/or increased secretion of cerumen (earwax)
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tinnitus
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constant ringing/buzzing noise in the ear
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KIN 100: EXAM 2