HISTORY 244: ID TERMS
31 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Balfour Declaration
|
Written in 1917
A letter from the British Foreign Secretary, Arthur James Balfour, to Baron Rothschild (a leader in the British-Jewish community)
Letter stated in favor of establishing Palestine as a national home for the Jewish People. It also stated that nothing should be done to prej…
|
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Turkish Empire, one of the largest and longest lasting
Empire became weakened after WWI because it had signed a treaty with Germany (thus on the losing side)
The Arab Revolt (1916) turned the tide against the Ottomans and the Middle Eastern front
Treaty of Sevres solidified the partiti…
|
|
Hajj Amin Al-Husayni
|
Palestinian Arab Nationalist and Muslim leader under the British Mandate
Actively opposed Zionism
Collaborated with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy asking them to back Arab independence and was promised by Hitler to be the leader of the Arabs once the Nazi's pushed the British out
Forme…
|
|
David Ben-Gurion
|
Pioneer of the Zionist Movement and head of the Jewish Agency
First Prime Mister of Israel
On May 14, 1948 he publicly proclaimed the establishment of the state of Israel -- was first to sign the Israeli Declaration of Independence
His provisional government led Israel through the 1948…
|
|
King Abdullah of Transjordan
|
Sat in the Ottoman Legislature, but sided with the British during WWI.
Played a key role in the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottoman rule leading guerilla raids
Ruler of Transjordan from 1921-1951
Supported the Peel Commission
Attacked Israel by sending Arab legion to the Etzion Bloc…
|
|
Jewish Agency
|
Also known as Sochnut of JAFI
Created in 1929 and served as an organization in change of immigration and absorption of Jews into the state of Israel
Ben-Gurion elected president in 1925
After establishment of the state of Israel the new Jewish Agency was put in charge of facilitating e…
|
|
Haganah
|
Jewish parliamentary organization in British Mandate -- later became the IDF
Created after 1920 Arab riots, to protect the Jewish farms and Kibbutz's (communities) and to warn the residents of attacks
Lacked a strong central authority, and after 1929 Arab attacks, Haganah's role became …
|
|
Ayans
|
"Noble people"
Collapsed in 1948
|
|
Arab Revolt 1936 - 1939
|
Nationalist uprising by Palestinian Arabs in Mandate Palestine against British colonial rule and mass Jewish immigration
Once suppressed, still had huge impacts on everyone
Jews were incredibly shaken and became more militant as a result
Made chances of living with Arabs something unhe…
|
|
1939 White Paper
|
Policy paper issued by the British Government in which the idea of portioning a Mandate for palestine as recommended by the Peel Commission was abandoned in favor of creating an independent Palestine governed by the Palestine Arabs and the Jews in proportion of the numbers in the populati…
|
|
Biltmore Program
|
1942 - held in NYC and set the official Zionist stance
Demanded that Palestine be established as Jewish Commonwealth
Major shift was promoted by intense opposition to the 1939 White Paper, which would have permanently given Jews a minority status
First joint statement of Zionist and no…
|
|
SS Exodus
|
1949 there was a ship leaving France carrying immigrants to Palestine
The british ceased the ship and sent them back to Europe
|
|
UN General Assembly Resolution 181
|
recommended the partition of British mandate into Arab and Jewish states
included highly detailed boundaries of the areas
The plan was accepted by the Jews through the Jewish Agency, but it was rejected by the Arab Higher Committee
However, Jordan (under Abdullah) was in favor of the r…
|
|
UN General Assembly Resolution 194
|
Passed in 1948 near the end of Arab-Israeli War
Deals with the fact that the majority of the Palestinian Arab population fled from areas which Israel controlled, and the Palestinian Jewish population in Arab-occupied Jerusalem and the West bank had been expelled by Jordan
Called for the…
|
|
Plan D
|
Also known as Plan Dalet
Plan worked out by the Haganah in 1947
Called for the conquest and securing of Arab towns and villages in the areas allotted to the Jews
Set of guidelines to take control of the Jewish state and defend it's borders and people
Made every Israeli man and woman r…
|
|
al Nakba
|
1948 Palestinian Exodus
Means "The Catastrophe" or "The Disaster"
|
|
UNRWA
|
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for the Palestinian Arabs in the Near East
Established in 1948
Provided healthcare, education, social services, and emergency aid for refugees from Jordan, Syria, West Bank, and Gaza
Displaced people within Israel until the Israeli government took…
|
|
Deir Yassin Massacre
|
Was a Palestinian Arab village of 600 people near Jerusalem
Was depopulated after a massacre in 1948 --> About 100 of it's residents killed by Irgun
Was done to relieve the blockade of Jerusalem
Was used as an argument against Israel around the Jewish world
|
|
Etzion Bloc Massacre
|
Cluster of jewish settlements located in southern Jerusalem
Villages were destroyed in 1948 War and left outside of the 1949 armistice lines
Rebuilt after the 1967 Six Day War
Construction there is considered illegal under the international community but Israel disputes this
There was…
|
|
Protocols of the elders of Zion
|
??
|
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser
|
2nd president of Egypt from 1956 until his death
Under his leadership, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal Company. This imposed ending of the Suez Canal Crisis, making him a hero in the Arab world
His image of a leader was damaged by Israeli victory of the Six Day War
Loss of Six Day Wa…
|
|
Law of Return
|
Passed in 1950
Gave any Jew the right to return and settle in Israel and gain citizenship
Law deeply and truly pissed Arabs off
|
|
Bedouin
|
A primarily desert dwelling Arab ethnic group
|
|
Mizrachim
|
Descendants from the Jewish communities in the middle East and Africa
Eastern Jews
|
|
Ashkenazim
|
Jews that descended from the medieval Jewish communities in Germany and France
They were considered to be the "western" jews
In 1931, they made up about 92% of world Jewry
They were the modern Jews
|
|
Druze Arabs
|
??
|
|
Mapai
|
Left wing political party in Israel and was the dominant party until it merged into the Labor Party in 1968
Founded in 1930 and Ben-Gurion appointed as head
Responsible for founding the Haganah
After the 1948 war, the party was rewarded with vast support from the people, winning over 3…
|
|
Eilat
|
Where the Gulf of Aqaba was
Home of the Port of Eilat
Vital sea port for Israel's communication after Arab countries blocked all land routes and Egypt denied passage through other canals
WHEN DID THEY GET THIS PORT BACK?
|
|
fedayeen
|
Arab guerrillas operating is Israel and Palestine against Israeli government
Attacked Israel because 49 armistice lines were unclear
Encouraged by Egypt and Jordan --> helped Egyptian armies in Gaza to organize attacks in Israel
|
|
Moshe Dayan
|
Israeli military leader and politician
Was the fourth Chief of Stadd of the IDF -- he became a fighting symbol to the world of the new State of Israel
Went to become the Defense Minister and the Foreign Minister of Israel
|
|
keffiyeh
|
A traditional Arab headdress fashioned to form a square cotton scarf
It was a symbol of Arab nationalism during the Arab revolt of the 1930s and became prominent in the 1960s
|
HISTORY 244: ID TERMS