HISTORY 244: ARAB ISRAELI CONFLICT MIDTERM IDs
32 Cards in this Set
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Balfour Declaration
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A letter from the British Secretary declaring a national home for the Jewish people
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Haj Amin al-Husayni
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Palestinian Arab nationalist and Muslim leader. Played key role in opposing Zionism. Head of pro-Nazi revolt
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David Ben Gurion
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Head of Jewish Agency and first Prime Minister of Israel, led Israel to independence.
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King Abdullah
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Was faithful to the British He worked on division of territory with Israel because he didn't want to jeopardize territory. He tried to get rid of Jordan's association with Palestine and banned the term "Palestine" and called it west bank. Killed in 1951 for wanting to deal with Israel bec…
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Jewish Agency
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Primary organization created in 1929 that accepts Jewish immigrants from outside of Israel. Played a central role in the founding and the building of the State of Israel. It links Israel and Jewish communities around the world. The purpose is to connect Jewish people and create a strong I…
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Haganah
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The Jewish army of the Zionist movement before it became the Israel Defense Forces. Before WWII it supported the British and had an alliance but after WWII it carried out anti-British operations in Palestine.
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Irgun
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The Jewish terrorist group Israel that broke off from the Haganah and eventually was absorbed into the Israel Defense Forces.
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Ayans
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Wealthy Palestinians who were the core of Palestinian leadership. Palestinians rebelled against them and the British. They led to great economic disparity between Palestinian classes and had connections to the Ottoman Empire.
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Arab revolt 1936-39
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Palestinian Arabs carried out a violent uprising. The Arab High Command protested Zionist advances in Palestine. An Arab Higher Committee (AHC), a coalition of recently formed Arab political parties, was created. It declared a national strike in support of three basic demands: the end of …
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1939 White Paper
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Complete reversal in British policy from the Balfour declaration. Britain promised to replace the mandate of a Jewish state with an Arab state within 10 years, bi-national state of Jews and Arabs but Jews could not grow beyond 1/3 of the population. 75,000 Jew quota and then Jewish immigr…
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Biltmore Program
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Resolution that Palestine be established as a Jewish commonwealth. The Zionist aim was to build a Jewish National Home. Was prompted by intense common opposition to the British White paper of 1939, which would mean the Mandate would permanently make the Jews a minority. It asked for unres…
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SS Exodus
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A ship that had mostly holocaust survivor passengers who did not have legal immigration documents. The British sent them all back to Europe. It became a symbol for illegal immigration.
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UN Gen Assem 181
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2 state solution, Palestinians unhappy with it, Jews accepted
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UN Gen Assem 194
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Was a call for Israel to allow Palestinian refugees expelled during the 1948 war back into Palestine. Israel was also asked to pay compensation for the property loss. Israel rejected the resolution and came back with counter arguments. They said that the Arabs must accept 181 before they …
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Plan D
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A plan by the Haganah to defend Jewish settlements and drive Arabs out to keep Jews safe. Authorized Jewish commanders to evict hostile populations.
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Al Nakba
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May 14, 1948 marks Israel's declaration of independence. To Israelis, it's a day of celebration. For Palestinians and Arabs, May 14, 1948 marks a day of rage they call "the Catastrophe."
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UNRWA
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Established to provide relief to Palestinian refugees in the Near East. It is the only agency dedicated to helping refugees from a specific region or conflict.
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Deir Yassin Massacre
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Battle, launched by the Irgun, approximately 100 Arabs were killed.
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Etzion Bloc Massacre
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took place the day before the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Settlers and soldiers were massacred by villagers and the Arab legion as they were surrendering. The Arab Legion version states that it arrived too late to prevent the villagers' onslaught, which was motivated by a desire …
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Protocols of the Elders of Zion
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An anti-semetic paper claiming that Jews plan to take over the world. The most notorious and most successful work of modern anti-Semitism.
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Gamal Abdel Nasser
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President of Egypt who seized the Suez Canal, dislikes religious rule of country, anti-Muslim Brotherhood
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Law of return
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Grants every Jew in the world the right to settle in Israel.
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Bedouin
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Nomadic Arabs. Cultural tribes and clans, often live in the desert.
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Mizrachim
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Jews from Northern Africa and the Middle East, and their descendants. Approximately half of the Jews of Israel
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Ashkenazim
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Jews of France, Germany, and Eastern Europe and their descendants.
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Druze Arabs
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community in Israel is officially recognized as a separate religious entity with its own courts (with jurisdiction in matters of personal status - marriage, divorce, maintenance and adoption) and spiritual leadership. Their culture is Arab and their language Arabic but they opted against …
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Mapai
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Israel Workers Party
Israel's major labor party which was established in 1930 as a Zionist-socialist party and served as the dominant political party in the pre-state and early post-state years.
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Eliat
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Part of the Jewish state which is crucial due to its port which enables Israel to have access to communications, commerce and trade with Africa and Asia, and for oil imports.
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Fedayeen
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("one who sacrifices himself"), trained and equipped by Egyptian Intelligence to engage in hostile action on the border and infiltrate Israel to commit acts of sabotage and murder. Operated mainly from bases in Jordan, so that Jordan would bear the brunt of Israel's retaliation.
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Moshe Dayan
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Was an Israeli military leader of the Haganah and a politician. Big part of Israel's strategy in 1956 war. he was in charge of IDF's first strike doctrine that said if an Arab attack seemed likely, Israel would attack on Arab territory..
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Vladimir Jabotinsky
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Leader of Revisionist Zionism, more militant stance. A Zionist activist and journalist who founded the Betar Movement. He was also a soldier who founded the Jewish Legion during WWI. He took a leadership role in organizing self defense units and fought for Jewish minority rights in Russi…
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1930 White Paper
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Claims Zionism hurt Arab economy. Favored independent Palestine governed by Jews and Arabs in proportion to their populations. Step back from Balfour Declaration promises
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HISTORY 244: ID TERMS