DOC PREVIEW
U-M HISTORY 244 - Peace with Egypt
Type Lecture Note
Pages 6

This preview shows page 1-2 out of 6 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Lecture 13I. Overview: The Virtue of Deadlock1977: Lukid ousted Labor from power. And wanted to moved east, invaded Lebanon and moved to annex West Bank and Gaza. In the end, Lukid project failed and this contributed to exhaustion in the east. Opened the door to compromise and negotiation.II. Sadat's New StrategyWar was costing Egypt and Israel more than what it was worth. They ended up reaching an historical peace agreement.Egypt: how did mutual exhaustion lead to a peace agreement?By 1969, Egyptian army was stronger than ever with SU weapons and aircraft. 1968-70, Egypt perused a War of Attrition with Israel. Goal: bleed Israel with endless small casualties. Egypt hope to rule Israel economically to keep their reserve army mobilized.Air force was able to get deep in Egypt. Before they could make advancement, dead soldiers were being broadcast in the newspapers. They were also struggling economically.Sinai: goal is to reoccupy part of suez canal. Sadat saw that Egypt wasn’t strong enough to defeat Israel in the long run. If Sadat could show Israel that they not invincible, he hoped this would make the Jews want to negotiate.Basically, Sadat wanted Egypt to join Israel as a client state of the US alongside Israel. Only the US had the money to revitalize their economy and only the US could pressure Israel to get into a peace agreement. Couldn’t give Sadat the two things he wanted most, only US could do this.PeaceEconomic development1973: Sadat plans to use Soviet arms to switch from Soviet camp to US camp. Talk about ingratitude.III. 1973 WarEgypt: move divisions across canal undercover of SAMS, but Syria needed to join the attack so that they could put Israel in a 2 front war.Israel gets word about this but they were being tricked by double agent in Sadat’s circle, that Egypt and Syria was planning an attack.King Hussein of Jordan flew to Israel to warn them, but they didn’t know whether to believe him or not. October 6th, 1973: launch coordinated attacks and took Israel by surprise; Sinai and Golan Heights. Egypt and Syria scored major victories.IDF said that reserves needed to be mobilized. But since Arabs struck first, the reserves were at home making it hard for other Israeli forces to hold on. They were convinced that if they lost, Israel would be destroyed.Once the reserves made it out, the roles changed. American tanks were better than Soviet tanks.IDF had taken Golan Heights in 8 days. IDF then pivoted to throw forces against Egypt. Israel won a tank battle, they then re-crossed the Suez Canal.IV. Egyptian-Israeli Peace--These events were a turning point. Sadat’s gamble paid off. The war forced each side to compromise.Egypt: early victories restored Egyptian pride and honor. They could now negotiate with self-confidence.Israel: their ultimate victory showed the long-term superior of the IDF. This was in 1973 was not one-sided unlike other wars.--Many Israeli’s concluded that war was just too dangerous to keep doing. 1973: Arabs placed oil embargo in US. This hurt US economy, Arabs wanted to pressure US into figuring out a peace agreement.--US was happy to induce Israel to quite Sinai and give Egypt aid. Egypt would leave SU and for US for the cold war.--Egypt, Israel, and US found reasons to make peace after 1973.Arab leader Sadat also visited Israel and said that they have a right to exist. Sadat and Menachim Begin met at Camp David (US) to hammer out treaty; March 1979.Israel would return all of Sinai and would be demilitarized.Egypt and Israel would establish diplomatic relations and would open Suez Canal and would keep open Aquaba.Israel gave up much territory. Political terms, Egypt conceded most. Legitimized Jewish state without getting Israel to budge on the emotional issues against the Palestinians. People doubted that this agreement would led to peace. (Egypt was eventually expelled from Arab league).1981: Sadat was assassinated by islamist in his own army in Egypt. They continued to adhere to the peace treaty, combination of many factors meant that this treaty only produced a sense of cold peace.V. Israel Moves Right1977: Likud would replace Labor; earthquake election.Menachim Begin: his entire life was shaped by anti-Semitism. After getting release from prison camp, he led the Irgun. Very brave, intelligent but could be very rigid.Likud got in power because…Security issues: Israelis were feeling very vulnerable. 1973 gave them a scare and many people no longer trusted Labor to protect them.VI. Israel's 1982 Lebanon InvasionFirst, they wanted to destroy PLO’s political credibility. Is he cold make PLO quit Lebanon, Sharon believed that he could end their influence in the West Bank. Could then rebuild Palestinian government in WB, making these Palestinians want to work with Israel more than Arab states.Second: Sharon and Begin wanted to destroy Syrian influence in Lebanon. After the Civil War broke out, Syria helped Lebanon. Israel feared that Syria would give them too much power and influence.Push Syria out of Lebanon.Third: They wanted to form an alliance in Lebanon with the Christians. Israeli’s imagined that a Jewish-Christian alliance would align Lebanon with Israel. They dreamed that they could convert Lebanon as a client state of Syria to a client state of Israel.US Secretary of State warned Begin that destroying PLO was impossible. Arafat sent at message to Begin too.--Begin and Sharon thought they had a deal that Gemayal would have his Christian militias would clear out the PLO from Beruit. Sharon put Begin in a 9-week siege. He cut of food, electricity, and basically starved them to get them to leave. Many civilians died. Seize forced Arafat and PLO fighters to leave Lebanon. But events generated terrible publicity for Israel. Most American-Jewish leaders disagreed with Sharon and sympathy for Israel in the eyes of Americans went down dramatically.--This criticism turned hostile even in Israel. This war seemed like a war of choice not a war of necessity that was vital to Israel’s presence as a state. Many Israelis protested that Begin and Sharon step down.VII. Israel's Position CrumblesIsrael’s military position in Lebanon starts to crumble. Syrian troops got back on their feat and introduced more advanced SAMS. Syria had many different militias attack and starts working with Hezbollah (Party of God). Various groups amounts small attack on IDF. Israel starts moving out of Lebanon, positioning closer to their border. Pro-Syrian


View Full Document

U-M HISTORY 244 - Peace with Egypt

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 6
Download Peace with Egypt
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Peace with Egypt and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Peace with Egypt 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?