Study Guide: Final Exam
66 Cards in this Set
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Ordinal scale- allows us to decide how many times greater/smaller?
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FALSE, Ratio (zero point) rule
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Chi-Squared test- Valid only if observations are dependent?
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FALSE
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Median is the most sensitive to outliers?
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FALSE
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“Stacked format” to enter data into SPSS, we type all scores on the dependent variable in a single column?
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TRUE
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Tim Russert- Reminds us of the problematic nature of medical knowledge?
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TRUE
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Sampling error or variability of the means of large samples is smaller than sampling error of means of small samples?
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TRUE
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Just-world hypothesis
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TRUE
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(TS) Clear evidence from controlled experiments that supports the effectiveness of the critical-incident stress debriefing in treating PTSD?
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FALSE
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Remarkable uniformity cross-culturally in ethical standards?
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FALSE
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Correlation coefficient- infer causal relationship?
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FALSE
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Inferential statistical tests-
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the operation of chance in influencing the results obtained can be conclusively ruled out as causal explanations.
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Study in Taiwan- the best predictor was the number of electrical appliances found in the home?
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TRUE
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Appropriate measure of central tendency depends on distribution shape and goal of statistical analysis.
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TRUE
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IQ test- ratio scale?
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FALSE
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Standard deviations are useful in skewed distribution?
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FALSE
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The Standard deciation is the square root of the variance?
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TRUE
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(SG) A case can be made that theoretical science has seen its best days?
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FALSE
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One of the strengths of the scrutiny of research ethics by institutional review boards is the “one-size-fits-all” approach
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FALSE
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(TS) Ultimate goal of scientific research- obtain “recipe knowledge”
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FALSE
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More precise measurement scale used to detect shifts in the DV, the smaller the effects of IV
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TRUE
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The alphabet satisfies both the nominal and ordinal rule
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TRUE
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Statistical analysis goal is to reject the null hypothesis
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TRUE
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Variance is determined by
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taking the difference between each given value and the average of all values given.
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Pearson product-moment correlation assumes linear relationship between the 2.
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TRUE
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Problems cause changes in the lower right corner to PST
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TRUE
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(TS) Over use base-rate information in making probability judgments
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FALSE
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Meta analysis- d is equal to or greater than .80 means there is a large effect of the DV
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TRUE
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Most frequently occurring score is the mean.
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FALSE
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Daniel Dennet- conscious, free will?
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FALSE
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Gergens theory- constructive position rests upon the assumption of
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cultural determinism
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(TS) Books not likely to find on bookshelf?
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Pinkers How the Mind Works
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Goldberg- pellagra caused by
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poor sanitary conditions
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10 point difference of 2 groups, p=.05, means the difference would
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occur by chance about 5 times out of 100.
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Experiment findings replicated increases the finding that it was not produced by a
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Type I Error
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Naturalistic observational study (parking lots)- type of statistical test used:
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2-way ANOVA
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Basic principle behind ANOVA
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variability can be partitioned into components from different sources.
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Effective size refers to the
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proportion of variance in DV explained by IV
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Null hypothesis for an F-Test
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Difference between means of all treatment groups are equal.
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Bank signs temperatures display. What level of measurement?
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Interval
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Amusement park- conforms to norms of littering. Type of statistical test appropriate?
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Chi- Squared
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15 points between the means not due to chance if the
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sample variances and overlap are relatively small
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P=.01 changes to P=.05. Type I error
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increases and type II error decreases.
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Rules of ethics reflects cultural values of society
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and is determined by federal government laws for the protection of human subjects.
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Causal connections between independent events
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Gamblers Fallacy
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F stat ratio of 2
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variances
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Ethical concerns with field experiment (observers)
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Magnitude of statistical regression effects is NOT a concern.
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(SG)Important unanswered questions
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(Bennets mindless mini robot theory)- Testable
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One-way ANOVA
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1 IV with 3 or more levels
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Normal distribution
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distribution is symmetrical and bell shaped
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Factors considered when selecting a stat test?
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Level of measurement of IV is NOT one
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Belief in validity of projective tests
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Illusory correlation
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(TS) Resistance to scientific psychology
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Conflict of interest in the pseudoscience “industries.”
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F-test is IV has no effect
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F=1
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Meta analysis
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evaluates consistency of an effect of past studies and provides effect sizes.
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Variance represents
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average standard deviation of scores from the mean.
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Significance level of experiment
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is equal to chance of Type I error.
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Normal distribution curve
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About 68% of its area lying between -1 and +1 standard deviations from the mean.
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(TS) Actuarial prediction is superior to clinical because it is
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more accurate and consistent.
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(SG) Role of chance in human outcomes
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Major factor
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Explanation for spurious correlation (SAT/bad teacher)-
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Selection Bias
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Panel of beer drinkers
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Ordinal
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Non significant results do not do
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possibility of type I error
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Ordinal rule-
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numbers have a reserved place in the number series.
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Milgrams (1963)- investigator believed that any potential damage was dandled by
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extensive debriefing procedure.
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Between subjects (room humidity) ANALYZE, COMPARE means. Type of test?
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Independent samples T-test
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P<.05, liver damage
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Type II Error
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Study Guide: Final Exam