PSY 101: Chapter 1
22 Cards in this Set
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Psychology
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The study of mind/mental processes and behavior
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Functionalism
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The early school of psychology focused on how the mind helped people adapt to the world
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Behaviorism
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Focuses on how a specific stimulus evokes a specific response
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Cognitive psychologist
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May investigate how an unusually gifted memory expert is able to retain huge amounts of information almost perfectly.
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Neuropsychologists
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May study an individual brain-damaged patient in depth to discover which abilities are "knocked out" following certain types of damage
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Personality psychologists
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Might study how a professional athlete remains motivated enough to practice for years and years with no guarantee that he or she will ever succeed
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Positive correlation
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Both variables either decrease or increase
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Negative correlation
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One variable decrease or increases while the other variable does the opposite
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Independent variable
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The control group
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Dependent variable
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The measured variable
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What are the 4 goals of Psychology?
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Describe, explain, control, & predict
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Evolutionary Psychology
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Assumes that certain cognitive strategies and goals are so important that natural selection has built them into our brains
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Cognitive psychology
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Attempts to characterize the nature of human information processing
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Structuralism
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The first organized school of thought in psychology
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Introspection
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The primary research tool in structuralism
the technique of observing your mental events immediately after they occur
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Neuroethics
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Focusing on the possible dangers and benefits of research on the brain
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Naturalistic observation
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A type of research that collects data from real-world settings, observing events as they naturally occur.
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Case Studies
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A scientific study that focuses on a single participant, examining his or her psychological characteristics in detail.
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Surveys
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A set of questions that people are asked about their beliefs, attitudes, preferences, or activities.
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Scientific method
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A way to gather facts that will lead to the formulation and validation of a theory
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Psychodynamic Theory
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A theory of mental events that specifies the continual push and pull interaction among conscious and unconscious thoughts and feelings and specifies how such interactions affect behavior
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Humanistic Psychology
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The belief that people have positive values
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PSY 101: Chapter 12