42 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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Deviance
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behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.
-Could be good or bad
-Ex: getting perfect score on SAT or ACT
-Anything that deviates from the norm
-Has to be learned
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Social control:
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mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals
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Formal sanctions
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: written law, rules
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-Informal sanctions:
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no “real” basis, members of society call out other individuals. This is more powerful
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conformists are not deemed deviant
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In merton's strain theory which of these are NOT deemed deviant in society
innovators, ritualist, rebels, conformists , retreatists
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the labeling theory
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-Individuals subconsciously notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels over time form the basis of the self-identity.
-Zimbardo prison study
-Primary and secondary deviance
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stigma
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label used to devalue members of certain social groups: alters others behavior toward the person and alters that person’s self-concept and social identity
-Normally bad connotation
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Zimbardo car study and deviance
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idea that we receive cues from our environment, these cues tell us what is appriotate and inapproiate.
-Compared # of broken windows and higher crime rates
-Had to cars, one in Brooklyn another in a nice area. Went back a week later and car in Brooklyn completely stripped, other car per…
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The rich get richer and the poor get poorer by jeffery reiman
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-our justice system is bound to fail, presentation of crime/face is the black male, argues system isn’t built to work it’s a big money maker.
-4 causes of crime: poverty, drugs, guns and prison
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Biological concept of race
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“sunscreen” pigment in your skin needs vitamin D, closer to the equator = darker skin, mutations, survival of the fittest pass on their skin pigment to many generations
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Socially constructed of race
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-Stereotypes, convenient, efficient, everything we know, we made up, so know not all is true, stereotypes allow us to skip some getting to know others questions
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Race
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a physical characteristic, something other people define for you
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Ethnicity
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we define for ourselves something that we do, ethnic festivals or holidays (St. Patrick’s day, cinco de mayo)
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Assimilation
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ethnic enclaves make ______ unnecessary, can keep to ones culture separately. Is dependent of necessity (ex: little Italy, china town)
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Prejudice
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your thought or idea, recognizing differences between people
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Discrimination
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prejudice put into action
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-Individual discrimination
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what you do
type of discrimination
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Institutional discrimination
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much larger effect, over-arraying causes affect
type of discrimination
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Sex
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your biology, chromosomes
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Gender
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characteristics distinguishing male and female, a social construct (culturally relative)
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Hegemonic masculinity:
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dominant and privileged category of men
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-Gender socialization:
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sex in our society is powerful. Gender inequality is apparent in the classroom, workplace and home
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Estate system:
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type of system---based on god given right (works like monarchs). Is ascribed status
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-Caste system:
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type of system--- based on a religious ideology but passed down by family. Can’t marry outside of _____ as a way to keep purity of the system. Ascribed status
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-Class system:
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type of system---based on income. Upper, middle, lower and subcategories. Achieved status
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-Ascribed status:
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type of status: what society puts on you Ex: your sex, race
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Achieved status
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type of status: something you work for/acquire Ex: graduating with a degree
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stratification:
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institutional inequality based on class, race or anything. Not individual
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Cultural capital
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helps you move up within your community, idea-knowledge one acquires while working. Only you know what you have experienced or seen. Can’t think about things that we don’t know exist.
-ex: yelling FOUR in golf instead of watch out, lingos
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Absolute poverty:
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idea that you are unable to provide the needs. If below poverty level considered this type of poverty.
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-Relative poverty:
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your status of poverty is relative to the people around you
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pluralism
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society that consists of multiple, distance groups/cultures is considered a _______
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all of the above
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which are associated with concentrated poverty:
-increased rates of violence
-increased unemployment
-increased single parent homes
-done of the above
-all of the above
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concentrated poverty
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_________ _______ is a high number of people in poverty in are where poverty is just below the line
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Karl marx
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_______ _______ believed that religion was the opiate of the massess
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class system
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a system of classification that separates groups of people into categories based on income is an example of what...
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asians
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which racial group has the lowest percent of children living below the poverty line
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African american
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which racial group has the highest percent of children living below the poverty line
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ALL
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which of the following environments can be an area for gender inequalities
-home
-work
-school
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glass escaltor
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males being able to go up faster in female dominated companies
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culture of poverty
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poor people adopt certain practices that differ from those of middle class society in order to adapt and survive in difficult economic circumstances
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underclass
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represents the concept that those in poverty are not only fundamentally different from the rest of society but even dangerous to other members
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SOC 101: EXAM 3