PSYC 111: CHAPTER 12
34 Cards in this Set
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social psychology
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branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced
person perception
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person perception
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process of forming impressions of others
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stereotypes
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widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group
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illusory correlation
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occurs when people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen
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ingroup
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group that one belongs to and identifies with
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group
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a group that one does not belong to or identify with
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attributions
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are interences that people draw about the causes of events, other behaviors, and their own behaviors
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internal attributions
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ascribe the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings.
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external attributions
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ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints
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fundamental attribution error
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refers to observers bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others behavior.
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self serving bias
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is the tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors.
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individualsim
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involves putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.
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collectivism
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involves putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the groups one belongs to
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interpersonal attraction
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refers to positive feelings toward another person
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matching hypothesis
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proposes that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners
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reciprocity
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involves liking those who show that they like you
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passionate love
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complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstasy of intense emotion
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companionate love
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warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one's own
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attitudes
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positive or negative evaluation of objects of thought
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explicit attitudes
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attitudes that one holds consciously and can readily descrive
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implicit attitudes
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covert attitudes that are expressed in subtle automatic responses over which one has little conscious control
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source
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a person who sends a communication and receiver is the person to whom the message is sent.
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mere exposure effect
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finding that repeated exposures to a stimulus promotes greater liking of the stimulus
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cognitive dissonance
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exists when related attitudes or beliefs are inconsistent
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conformity
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occurs when people yield to real or imagined social pressure
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obedience
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a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority.
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social roles
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widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave
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a group
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consists of two or more individuals who interact are interdependent
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stander effect:
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people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone
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social loafing
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reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work alone
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group polarization
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occurs when group discussion strengthens a groups dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction
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groupthink
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occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision
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group cohessivness
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refers to the strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself.
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discrimination
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which involves behaving differently, ususally unfairly, toward the members of a group
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PSYC 111: CHAPTER 12