PSYX 100IS: C6 Exam 3
44 Cards in this Set
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sensory registers
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sensory registers
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iconic storage
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an afterimage of a visual stimulus
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echoic storage
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auditory sensory registration by which people retain an echo or brief auditory representation of a sound to which they have been exposed
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short term memory
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aka working memory
available to consciousness for rough 20 to 30 seconds
has limited capacity
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rehearsal
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the process of repeating or studying information to retain it in memory
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maintenance rehearsal
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the process of repeating information over and over to maintain it momentarily in STM
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elaborative rehearsal
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an aid to long term memory storage that involves thinking about the meaning of information in order to process it with more depth
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long term memory (LTM)
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memory for facts, images, thoughts, feelings, skills, and experiences that may last as long as a lifetime
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retrieval
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the process of bringing information from long term memory into short term or working memory
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serial position effect
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the phenomenon that people are more likely to remember information that appears first and last in a list than information in the middle of the list
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modules
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discrete but interdependent processing units responsible for different kinds of remembering
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working memory
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conscious "workspace" used for retrieving and manipulating information, maintained through maintenance rehearsal; also called short term memory
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declarative memory
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a type of long term memory
knowledge that can be consciously retrieved and "declared"
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semantic memory (generic memory)
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general world knowledge or facts, such as knowledge that NaCl is table salt
do not confuse with knowledge about objects, that is sensory
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episodic memory
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memories of particular episodes or events from personal experience
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procedural memory
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knowledge of procedures or skills that emerge when people engage in activities that require them, aka skill or habit memory
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explicit memory
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the conscious recollection of facts and events
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implicit memory
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memory expressed in behavior but does not require conscious recollection
tying a shoelace
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recall
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the explicit (conscious) recollection of material from long term memory (the kind of memory used with fill in the blank tests)
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recognition
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explicit (conscious) knowledge of whether something currently perceived has been previously encountered
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priming effects
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the phenomenon in which the processing of specific information is facilitated by prior exposure to the same or similar information
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encoded
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refers to information that is cast into a representational form, or "code", so that it can be readily accessed from memory
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level of processing
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the degree to which information is elaborated, reflected upon, or processed in a meaningful way during encoding of memory
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encoding specificity principle
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the notion that the match between thew way information is encoded and the way it is retrieved is important to remembering
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retrieval cues
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stimuli or thoughts that can be used to stimulate retrieval
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spacing effect
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the superior long term retention of information rehearsed in sessions spread out over longer intervals of time
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mnemonic devices
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systematic strategies for remembering information
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method of loci
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a memory or mnemonic aid in which images are remembered by fitting them into an orderly arrangement of locations
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SQ3R
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survey
question
read
recite
review
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networks of association
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clusters of interconnected information stored in long term memory
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node
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a cluster or piece of information along a network of association
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spreading activation theory
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the theory that the presentation of a stimulus triggers activation of closely related nodes
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transience
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the fact that memories fade
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absent mindedness
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the failure to remember something when attention is elsewhere
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misattribution
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confusing two sources of information
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suggestibility
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thinking we remember an event that someone actually implanted in our minds
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bias
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distortions in the way we recall events that often tell the story in a way we would rather remember it
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persistence
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memories that we wish we could get rid of but that keep coming back
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forgetting
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the inability to retrieve memories
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decay theory
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the notion that memories are lost as a result of a fading of the memory trace
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interference
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the intrusion of similar memories on one another
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proactive interference
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a phenomenon in which old memories that have already been stored interfere with the retrieval of new information
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retroactive interference
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interference of new information with the retrieval of old information
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motivated forgetting
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forgetting for a reason which leads to inhibition of retrieval
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PSYX 100IS: C6 Exam 3