BIO 1201: Feeding the Athletes
38 Cards in this Set
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Equity Rule
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1991-limits feeding of athletes to one meal/day
reduced discrimination against walk-on athletes who must pay out of pocket for additional food
eliminated the advantage of larger schools with bigger budgets in feeding their athletes
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implications of the equity rule
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off campus versus on campus affordability
binging on fast food and other unhealthy food
some actually going without food, reducing performance
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what happened in 2014
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NCAA deregulates meals for student athletes
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Calories needed for Male and Females(18-30)
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Male: 2,400-2,800
Female: 1,700-2,000
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calories needed for male and female athletes
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male: up to 6,000
female: up to 4,000
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How does food powers cellular work?
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The body breaks down food into subunits that are then passed into the bloodstream,which delivers them to the body's cells. then they are used either as building blocks to make new organic molecules or as energy to fuel cellular work
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how many energy calories come from simple sugars, proteins, fat, and nucleic acid?
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simple sugars: 4 calories/gram
protein: 4 calories/gram
fat: 9 calories/gram
nucleic acid: not a significant source of energy for cells
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the energy in food is measured in
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calories
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a calorie is..
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the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celcius
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on food labels, the amount of energy in the food is listed in
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kilcalories
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Organic molecules contain both ___ and ___
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carbon and hydrogen (page 39)
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types of organic molecules
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carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids(pages 42-52)
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breaking down organic molecules
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1. start with big organic molecules
2. break the C-C and C-H bonds
3. extract energy
4. slap oxygen where the C's and H's were
5. end up with a less energy-rich molecule than what you started with
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Building Organic Molecules
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1. start with small, low-energy molecules
2. take the oxygens off and make high-energy C-C and C-H bonds
3. store the molecules for energy later on, OR
4. break them down immediately and extract the energy
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polyester
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polyethylene
polyproplylene
polystyrene
polycarbonate
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carbohydrates definition
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organic molecules with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms (often 1:2:1)
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3 types of carbs
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monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
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monosaccharides
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simple sugars composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportions 1:2:1
ribose, glucose,fructose, galactose
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polysaccharides
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complex carbs composed of long chains of simple sugars, usually glucose. their chemical characteristics are determined by the orientation and location of the bonds between the monomers.
cellulose, starch, glycogen
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3 types of lipids: fats or triglycerides
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saturated
unsaturated
trans
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saturated fats
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animal fats, solid
found mostly in animal products. it is recommended that people reduce their consumption of saturated fats in order to stay healthy
in a molecule of saturated fat, every space for hydrogen is filled (that is, the fat is "saturated" with hydrogen)
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unsaturated fats
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fatty acids have at least one double bond between carbons (plant-derived, liquid)
so called "good" fats can be found in nuts, avocados and other veggies. the molecular structure of it causes it to be lower in calories than other fats(shows spaces available for hydrogen atoms to bond)
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trans fats
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fatty acids
are unsaturated(good) fats which have been partially saturated with hydrogen to extend their shelf life. unfortunately, these trans fats are found to elevate "bad" cholesterol and should be avoided
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fatty acids
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the building blocks of fat
long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms. essential fatty acids are those needed by the human body that can only be obtained through food. some fats are harmful however.
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proteins
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glycine(gly)
lysine(lys)
cysteine(cys)
amino acids- we need 20 different ones
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2 types of nucleic acids
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deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)
ribonucleic acid(RNA)
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nucleotide monomers
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5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
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if you don't use food right away, how do you store it?
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short term energy-storage:glycogen
and long term energy storage:triglycerides
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short term energy storage
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when we ingest more calories than our bodies need, they are stored as glycogen molecules in muscle and liver cells.
excess simple sugars not immediately used for energy or cell structures are bound together in branching chains called glycogen
glycogen is stored in muscle and liver t…
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cells needing energy when there are no food molecules in the bloodstream can quickly break down
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glycogen
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once the body's glycogen stores have been replenished, any excess calories are stored as
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triglyceride molecules in fat cells
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long term energy storage
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excess energy from dietary proteins, fats, and carbohydrates is used to produce a type of fat called a triglyceride
triglycerides are stored in fat cells. they store approximately 9 calories per gram
they are energy in long term storages. the body resists burning fat, preferring to …
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what are the 2 metabolic pathways that produce the energy?
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glycalytic pathway and oxidative pathway
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glycolytic pathway (page 112)
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energy comes first by burning muscle and liver glycogen stores
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oxidative pathway
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(page 112)
continuing demand causes a shift to this second pathway
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what proportions of food molecules should active people like athletes eat?
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carbs(CHO) are the primary energy source. should make up about 60% of the diet-helps to maintain glycogen stores-high intensity exercise(sprinters and wrestlers):65-75%
fats: 20-35% of calories
proteins: 1.2-1.7 g/kg/day or .5-.8 g/lb
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whats the best eating schedule for competing athletes? before competition
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2-3 hours before
high in carbs
moderate in protein
eat familiar foods to avoid any gastric upset
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whats the best eating schedule for competing athletes? after competition
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1-2 g/kg carbs within 1-2 hours. this period replenishes glycogen levels the fastest
1.2-1.7 g/kg protein/day
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BIO 1201: Final Exam