BIO 1201 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I.Cellular ReproductionII.DNAIII.The Cell CycleOutline of Current Lecture IV.Cell cycle exitsV.CloningVI.CancerVII.How to not get cancerCurrent LectureI. Cell Cycle Exitsa. Quiescence (G0): temporary exit (cells can re-enter cycle) for starved, damaged, etc. cells so they can be repairedb. Apoptosis: programmed cell death if cell cannot be repairedc. Differentiationi. Stem cells have not terminally differentiated1. Totipotent: can become anything (zygote)2. Pluripotent: can become anything except extraembryonic tissues (inner cell mass and blastocyst)3. Multipotent: can give rise to some cell types (adult stem cells)II. Cloninga. Take an egg cell, remove nucleus, and replace with your DNA—creates zygote that will produce your stem cellsb. This solves immune system problem of using another’s stem cellsIII. Cancer: disease of the cell cyclea. Caused by mutationsb. Two types of genes that when mutated lead to canceri. Oncugenes: mutated protooncugenesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Protooncugenes normally regulate cell cycle; when mutated, it becomes an oncogene and tells cells to divide, grow, etc. when they shouldn’tii. Tumor Suppressors1. Control checkpoints and prevent damaged cells from dividing2. Ex.: gene p53: guardian of genome; detects DNA breaksc. Mutated cells divide and reproduce rapidly via repeated mutationsd. Malignant: tumor cells have the ability to undergo metastasis (movement)i. Can move into bloodstream or lymphatic systemIV. How to not get cancera. Avoid mutations by avoiding carcinogens (damage DNA or increase rate of cell division)i. Ex.: tobacco, UV light,
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