Test 1, Ch. 2 Flashcards
29 Cards in this Set
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Hearth Areas
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Geographic settings where new practices have developed and from which they have subsequently spread.
Main Hearth Areas were in: Middle East, South Asia, China, the Americas.
Example: Agriculture hearth areas are areas where plant domestication happened.
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World System
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An interdependent system of countries linked by political and economic competition.
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World Empire
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A group of mini systems that have been absorbed into a common political system while retaining their fundamental cultural differences.
Example: Ancient Greece
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Imperialism
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Extension of the power of a nation through direct or indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories.
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Colonialism
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The establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate and alien society.
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Core Regions
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Regions that dominate trade, control the most advanced technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversified economies.
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Peripheral Regions
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Regions with undeveloped or narrowly specialized economies with low levels of productivity.
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Neocolonialism
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Economic and political strategies by which powerful states in core economies indirectly maintain or extend their influence over other areas or people.
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Globalization
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Increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political & cultural change.
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Swidden Agriculture
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Slash-and-burn; a system of cultivation in which plants are harvested close to the ground, the stubble left to dry for a period, and then ignited, the burned stubble providing fertilizer for the soil.
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Hegemony
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Domination over the world economy exercised by one national state in a particular historical epoch through a combination of economic, military, financial and cultural means.
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Dependency
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High level of reliance by a country on foreign enterprises, investment or technology.
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Semi-peripheral Regions
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Transitional between core and periphery.
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Urbanization
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When towns and cities became essential as centers of administration, as military garrisons, and as theological centers for the ruling classes, who were able to use a combination of military and theological authority to hold their empires together.
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Minisystem
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Society with a single cultural base and a reciprocal social economy; each individual specializes in particular tasks, freely giving any excess product to others, who reciprocate by giving up the surplus product of their own specialization.
Example: Hunger-Gatherer Societies
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World Empires
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Where cities began;
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Transnational Corporation
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Corporations that operate at an international scale outside of the boundaries of the country where they originated.
Example: Hudson Bay Tea Company, Boston Tea Company, etc.
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Hinterland
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A city/town's sphere of economic influence - the tributary area from which it collects products to be exported and through which it distributes imports.
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Import Substitution
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Copying and making goods previously available only by trading.
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Colonization
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The physical settlement of a new territory of people from a colonizing state.
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Commodity Chain
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Network of labor and production processes beginning with the extraction or production of raw materials and ending with the delivery of a finished commodity.
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Comparative Advantage
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Principle whereby places and regions specialize in activities for which they have the greatest advantage in productivity relative to other regions - or for which they have the least disadvantage.
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Division of Labor
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The specialization of different people, regions or countries in particular kinds of economic activities.
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Ethnocentrism
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Attitude that one's own race and culture are superior to others.
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Import Substitution
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Process by which domestic producers provide goods or services that formerly were bought from foreign producers.
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Masculinism
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Assumption that the world is, and should be, shaped mainly by men for men.
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Producer Services
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Services that enhance the productivity or efficiency of other firms activities or that enable them to maintain specialized roles.
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Spatial Justice
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Fairness of the distribution of society's burdens and benefits, taking into account spatial variations in people's needs and in their contribution to the production of wealth and social well-being.
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Transnational Corporations
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Companies with investments and activities that span international boundaries and with subsidiary companies, factories, offices, or facilities in several countries.
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Study Guide: Final Exam