NUTR_S 2340: NUTRITION BASICS/ THE SCIENCE OF NUTRITION
49 Cards in this Set
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Kcalories from fat
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9
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kcalories from CHO
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4
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kcalories from protein
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4
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What is nutrition?
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-nutrire "to nourish"-nutrients, food, health, and disease, organism ingestion, digestion, absorption, transportation, utilization, and excretion
-process of being nourished and using food for growth and replacement of tissues
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What are the causes of death in the US where diet plays a part?
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diseases of the heart, cancer, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), diabetes, Alzheimer, kidney disease
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What are the causes of death in the US where nutrition plays some role?
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osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, some forms of cancer
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What are the causes of death in the US where there is a strong nutrition component?
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type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity
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What are the causes of death in the US that are solely caused by nutrtion?
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pellagra and scurvy
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"Healthy People" is published every ___ years.
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10 (last one was 2010, next one will be 2020)
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What were the results of "Healthy People 2010"?
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Americans achieved ~20% of government's national health goals for 2010.
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What was the life expectancy ~100 years ago?
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50-55 years old
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What is the life expectancy today?
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72 years males, 79 years females
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What was the leading cause of death ~100 years ago?
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infectious disease
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What is the leading cause of death now?
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heart disease
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What major advances in medicine and health can account for the 50% increase in life expectancy since the early 1900s?
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public sanitation practices, discovery of antibiotics, nutritional sciences
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Nutrients
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any substance in food that they body can use to:
1. regulate body functions
2. build tissues
3. obtain energy
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Essential nutrients
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substances that must be obtained from diet because the body cannot make it (or make it in adequate amounts)
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Foods-nutrients
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diet substance taken in and assimilated by plant or animal to keep it alive and enable it to grow; contain nutrients
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What are nutrients?
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lipids, water, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins
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What are macronutrients?
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lipids, water, carbs, and proteins
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Which nutrients are energy yielding?
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lipids, carbs, and proteins
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Which micronutrients do not yield energy?
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vitamins and minerals
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Which nutrients regulate body processes?
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lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
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Which nutrients contribute to cell and body structure?
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lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals
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What are phytochemicals and zoochemicals?
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physiologically active compounds found in food that provide benefits but are not essential
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What are phytochemicals?
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plant foods
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What are zoochemicals?
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foods of animal origin
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What are the different categories of "functional foods"?
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-Conventional foods
-Modified foods
-Medical foods
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What is DSHEA?
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Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994; supplements do not require FDA approval or rigorous regulation; do not need to be proven effective if it is reasonably safe in the history of its use
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All bodily processes require...
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energy
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We eat to obtain...
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energy
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What is 1 kilocalorie?
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the amount of heat energy that will raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1degreeC.
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What is alcohol?
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compound that yields energy
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What is a calorie?
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the amount of heat energy to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1degreeC
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How many calories are in 1 kilocalories?
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1000 calories
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What is a Kcalorie?
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a specific unit of measurement used by a nutritionist
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What is a kilojoules?
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SI unit; a mass of 1 g moving at a velocity of 1m/sec possesses the energy of 1 joule
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What term should you use instead of kcal or cal?
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energy
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What influences our food choices?
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social needs; social network of family and friends; food customs and culture; food cost; education, occupation, and income; routines and habits; and lifestyle
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What is nutrition a huge influence on?
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getting a disease
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What do genes dictate?
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type and amount of nutrients that will be transformed and reassembled
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Certain mutations increase the risk of...
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other mutations
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How do you test whether you have a mutation?
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gene therapy and genetic testing
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Why is there so much confusion with nutrition advice?
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So many avenues of information
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What has no legal definition?
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nutritionist
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Who can you trust with nutrition advice?
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registered dietitian, professional with advanced nutrition degree from a well-respected institution, government nutrition agencies, professional orgs (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics-formerly ADA)
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What are some nutrition government agencies?
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National Institutes of Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); USDA; FDA; IOM/FNB (non-gov't); National Health and Drug Administration
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What are the different types of studies done for nutrition?
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epidemiological studies; animal studies; cell culture studies; human studies; peer-review of experimental results; double-blind
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What are the colors in the color wheel?
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red, orange, yellow, green, purple and blue, and white
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NUTR_S 2340: NUTRITION BASICS/ THE SCIENCE OF NUTRITION