Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture II. Carbohydratesa. Chemist Viewb. Dietary SourcesIII. CHO Familya. Monosaccharidesb. Disaccharidesc. Lactose IntoleranceIV. Complex Carbohydratesa. Glycogenb. Starch Nutrition 2380Outline of Current Lecture II. Cholesterola. Terminologyb. Structurec. HydrogenationIII. Trans-fatty Acidsa. Dietb. Bodyc. Omega-3d. Omega-6IV. Sterol (Cholesterol)a. Heart Healthb. RecommendationsCurrent Lecture: Chapter 5**Quiz opens today at noon: VegetarianismTerminology:Lipids: Family of compounds that include TG phospholipids and sterols-Results in high cholesterolThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Triglycerides (TG):-Predominant fat in diet (95%)-Predominant storage fat in bodyStructure of TG= Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids (FA)Mixed TG- (saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated)Most often, the fatty acids will vary in lengthHydrogenation: Add Hydrogen (H) to mono or polyunsaturated fatty acids-> Reduce the # of double bonds -> Become more saturatedWhy?-Make more resistant to oxidation-Makes more solid texture which results in a longer shelf lifeTrans-Fatty Acid: Added to the food label in 2006-Typically occurs in partially hydrogenated foods-Found in meats and dairy, and other common foods... so we can’t avoid the completely. -Heart Health Risk: Proven to increase LDL and reduce HDL cholesterol-Cis-fatty acid: Hydrogens are on the same side of the double bond-Trans-fatty acid: hydrogens are on the opposite sides of the double bondFunctions of TG from the Diet: -Important and provide an essential source of fatty acids-Fat soluble vitamins which are necessary = A, E, D, K-Provide energy: 9 kcal/gram... most concentrated energy source-Provide flavor, texture, tendernessFunction of TG in the Body:-Padding-Store concentrated energy sourceCK Question: Olive oil is predominantly monounsaturated fatty acids! True!-Notice how she didn’t say all of it. When something his fat in it, it has multiple different kinds of fat!CK Question: Which is the richest source of cholesterol? -Hamburger on a bunOmega-3 Fatty Acids: Important for heart health: Lower TGEx: Fatty fish (mackerel, salmon, sardines), walnuts, and flaxseed-As of 2010, there is seafood consumption recommendations-Adults: minimum 8 oz per week-Pregnant or breastfeeding, stay awayOmega-6 Fatty Acids:-Food Source: vegetable oils, meats-We generally have enough in our dietsSterol (Ex- Cholesterol) Exogenous=from diet-Meats, eggs, fish, poultry, dairyEndogenous=body mankes-Produced by liverEffect of Heart Health: Raises total blood chol and LDL chol-Less effect on blood cholesterol than sat or trans fatRecommendations: Less than 300/d mg dietary chol (gen population_Less than 200/dL blood cholesterolFate of Cholesterol:-Bile Production-Component of lipoproteins-Transfered int other compounds (Vitamin
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