ANSC 160: Equine Anatomy
53 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
---|---|
____ in the front legs, ____ in the back legs.
|
knees; hocks
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what is the ankle of a horse called?
|
fetlock
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what bone in a horse corresponds to a knee in a human?
|
patella
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what are the 5 sections of vertebrae (in order, starting at the neck)
|
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal
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how many cervical vertebrae are there?
|
7
|
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
|
18
|
how many lumbar vertebrae are there?
|
6
|
how many sacral vertebrae are there?
|
5
|
how many caudal vertebrae are there?
|
18-22
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what characterizes cervical vertebrae?
|
they are in the neck
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what characterizes thoracic vertebrae?
|
they have ribs attached
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what characterizes the lumbar vertebrae?
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from the end of the ribs to the dock pelvis; in the loin
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what characterizes the caudal vertebrae?
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they are the tail bones
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what is conformation?
|
structure and balance of the horse
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what is P1?
|
long pastern bone
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what is P2?
|
short pastern bone
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what is P3?
|
pedal bone
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what bone is associated with heel pain?
|
navicular bone
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are horses ruminants?
|
no
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horses are _____, ______ fermenters.
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nonruminant; hindgut
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what is considered the foregut?
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mouth--->small intestine
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where does enzymatic digestion happen?
|
foregut
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what is considered the hindgut?
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cecum--->rectum
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where does fermentative microbial digestion happen?
|
hindgut
|
how many chambers are in the horse's stomach?
|
1
|
minimum __% of bodyweight in forage DM per day.
|
1
|
no more than ___ of concentrates per meal.
|
5 lbs
|
how much does the average heart weigh?
|
8.5 lbs
|
what is the average pulse?
|
28-60 beats per minute
|
what is the average respiratory rate?
|
12-20 breaths per minute
|
horses are ___ day breeders.
|
long
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horses are seasonally _____.
|
polyestrous
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what season is a horse's anestrus?
|
winter
|
how long is the estrous cycle?
|
21-23 days
|
how long is estrus in horses?
|
5-7 days
|
what is the average gestation period?
|
335-340 days
|
what seasons usually cause shorter gestation?
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spring and summer
|
colts are in the womb _____ than fillys.
|
longer
|
heavy mares foal _____.
|
sooner
|
Fetal Cortisol
|
produced in fetus that signals the initiation of parturition; foals decide
|
when does the placenta begin to separate?
|
when the foal is beginning to be born
|
list the stages of labor:
|
dilation and muscle relaxation
delivery of fetus
expulsion of placenta
|
when does stage one of labor end?
|
when the first water bag breaks
|
how long does stage two of labor last?
|
20 minutes
|
how long does stage three of labor last?
|
1-2 hours
|
if the delivery of the fetus lasts longer than ___ minutes, then you know you have a problem.
|
30
|
during which stage of labor does the mare have some control?
|
stage 1
|
if stage 3 lasts longer than __ hours, then the placenta is _____.
|
4; retained
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blood samples come from the __________.
|
jugular vein
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when giving a horse a vaccine in the neck, point the needle ____.
|
down
|
4 natural gaits of horses
|
walk- slowest, 4 mph; 1 foot off ground at a time; 4 beat gait (hear all 4 feet hitting ground at 1 time); steady
trot- 2 beat gait; speed 4-10 mph; diagonal pairs of legs hit ground at same time
canter- 3 beat (1 foot will strike before the other 3); at 1 point, all 4 feet are off grou…
|
what are some artificial gaits?
|
running walk
slow gait
lateral pace
rack
foxtrot
tolt
paso quarto
|
what characterized the sacral vertebrae?
|
from pelvis to dock of tail
|