ANSC 160: Life of a Dairy Cow
61 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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Sex of calf determines ____.
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fate
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What 3 things should be done upon birth of a calf?
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-feed colostrum
-remove from dam
-individual housing
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When a calf is first born, colostrum should be fed to it within __ hours.
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12
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What are the main individual housing options for a young calf?
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-calf hutches
-calf barns with pens
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___% of our beef eaten comes from male Holsteins and cold females.
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30%
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Calf hutches are good for ____ climates.
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cold
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Do calves do better in hutches or barns with pens?
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hutches
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Are hutches or barns with pens easier for farmers? why?
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barns with pens; it puts a lot of calves in a small area
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what is waste milk?
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milk that can't be sold due to a yellowy color, it may be colostrum, or have antibiotics in it
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what is the most costly and labor intensive time in a calve's life?
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birth-10 weeks
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what are two main concerns in the period from birth to 10 weeks?
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the calf must be clean and dry
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what is "scours"?
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diarrhea, 1-3 days can lead to dehydration
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Calves should be weaned in ______ weeks, eating ___ pounds of grain.
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6-8; 2
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What are calves fed before they are weaned? (besides colostrum)
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milk replacer and waste milk
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when are calves put into group housing?
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from 10 weeks to 12 months
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what are two examples of group housing?
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-pastures
-heifer barns
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what is important during the 10 weeks to 12 month period?
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the calves need to be healthy and growing
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what form of group housing is used in TN?
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pastures
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during what life period is (first) breeding the main concern?
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14-16 months
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what is the goal for age at first calving? what is the average?
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24 months; 28 months
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_____ affect age at first calving.
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breed differences
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what should happen at the age period of 24 months?
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calve or freshen
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calving is a critical time, what are 3 main problems?
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calving problems (mainly for first time calvers)
-metabolic disease
-mastitis
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what is lactation?
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the period of time from calving to being turned dry
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when is the peak of lactation?
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60-90 days after calving
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most cows are milked __X a day.
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2
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how long is the standard lactation?
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305 days
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Ideally a cow will stay in the herd for many lactations, but the average is ___.
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2.7
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An average cow in a dairy herd is __ years old.
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5
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what is the most costly disease in US Animal Agriculture?
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mastitis
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What are 4 causes of mastitis?
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-improper milking procedures
-unsanitary environment
-injury
-genetics
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what is the ideal calving interval? what is the national average?
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13 months; 14 months
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a cow should get pregnant again in _____ days after the preceding calf.
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60-90
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stopping the milking process causes milk production to ____.
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cease
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why is a dry period necessary?
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rest and rejuvenation of the mammary gland
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Ideally, cows are turned dry __ days prior to next due date.
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60
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how long is gestation?
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279 days
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cows should be weaned at __ weeks.
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8
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cows should be pregnant for the first time at __ months
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15
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cows should calve for the first time at __ months.
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24
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cow's second calving should happen in:
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12-13 months
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what are the six primary reasons for leaving the herd
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-low production
-reproduction*
-mastitis*
-disease
-injury
-conformation
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what are the 7 keys to profitability in a herd?
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-calf death loss
-age at first calving (low)
-production level
-days open
-number of lactations
-disease resistance
-controlling imputs
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what are examples of 3 housing systems (for milking cows?)
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-tie stall
-free stall
-bedded pack
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what housing system is predominant in Canada?
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tie stall
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what housing system is predominant in the southern US?
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free stall
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which housing system is most expensive and the dirtiest?
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bedded pack
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what are the 3 types of milking parallel?
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-herringbone
-parallel
-rotary
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which milking parlor is used for very large herds?
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rotary
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What is DHIA?
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nationwide milk recording and record keeping system for dairy farmers
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TN producers pay approximately ___ per cow per month to the DHIA?
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2.25
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what does DHIA stand for
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Dairy Herd Improvement Association
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DHIA standards ensure ______.
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consistency
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DHIA Technicians visit the farm _______.
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each month
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what does the DHIA technician do at the farm?
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-records milk weight
-collects milk samples
-records herd data
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DHIA: what are 4 examples of "herd data"
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-ID
-calving dates
-breeding information
-dry and sold dates
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DHIA: herd data transmitted to processing center at ____.
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NCSU
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DHIA: milk samples are shipped to ____________.
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316 Ellington
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what 3 things are studied at Ellington?
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-fat
-protein
-SCC
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whats the SCC for mastitis?
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250,000
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75% of TN farmers receive their DHIA info electronically via the _______ program.
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PCDART
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ANSC 160: Life of a Dairy Cow