KIN 340: Final Exam
49 Cards in this Set
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T/F: There's compelling evidence that exercise specific-measures of affect are useful due to the unique & distinct properties of exercise that aren't captured w/ other measures of affect
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FALSE
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From the relatively lil research that examined affective responses during exercise, it appears that as exercise intensity increases and as duration progresses:
A. activation decreases
B. Affective valence becomes more +
C. Affective valence becomes more -
D. A, B, C correct
e…
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Affective valence becomes more negative
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The more "modern" approach to studying the affective outcomes of exercise & PA that assumes that affective states are interrelated is
A. approach B. anxiolytic approach
C. Dimensional approach D. Mental health approach
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Dimensional approach
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T/F: It is apparent from work examining activation/valence responses during exercise that responses are highly consistent across individuals regardless of intensity of exercise
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FALSE
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What effect, according to Thayer, does this represent?
A. Placebo B. Main arousal
C. Tension reduction
D. Paradoxical energizing
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Paradoxical energizing
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If an individual is asked to respond how they GENERALLY feel, the questionnaire is assessing
A. stress B. State anxiety
C. trait anxiety D. cortisol
E. Both C&D
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trait anxiety
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T/F: Fit individuals have less anxiety than unfit individuals.
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TRUE
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The anxiolytic (anxiety reducing drug) effects of an acute bout of
exercise
A. seem to last 30min-1hr
B. seem to last 2-4 hrs
C. occur immediately following exercise
D. last for days and even weeks
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seem to last 2-4 hrs
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DeVries & Adams compared anxiety reducing effects of differing "doses" of exercises... outcome of study?
A. less vigorous exercise was superior in reducing muscle tension
B. more vigorous exercise was superior in reducing self reported state anxiety
C. anxiety reducing drug was s…
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less vigorous exercise was superior in reducing muscle tension
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Which reliably reduce non-clinical levels of state anxiety?
A. resistance training
B. Stretching and flexibility
C. aerobic exercise
D. Both A&B E. Both B&C
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aerobic exercise
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Adjusting to other stressors as a result of repeatedly experiencing 1 kind of stressor:
A. allostatic load hypothesis
B. Cross-stress adaptation hypothesis
C. Relative reactivity
D. Physiological toughness model
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Cross-stress adaptation hypothesis
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Which of the following are stressors?
A. physical threats
B. Midterm exams
C. aerobic exercise
D. only A&B
E. all of the above
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all of the above
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The primary component of the stress response in the HPA axis is
A. absolute reactivity
B. relative reactivity
C. catecholamines
D. cortisol
E. none of the above
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cortisol
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Stress response: it's important to understand the response to stressor... if one studies the response to stressor and the response after stressor?
A. reactivity then recovery
B. reactivity then immunity
C. recovery then reactivity
D. immunity then recovery
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reactivity then recovery
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Regarding anxiety, which most completely captures range of symptoms:
A. unpleasant feelings, change in cognition, change in behavior
B. change in cognition, bodily symptoms, and changes in behavior
C. unpleasant feelings, bodily symptoms, changes in cognition, and behavior
D. …
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unpleasant feelings, bodily symptoms, changes in cognitions & behaviors, & vigilance
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Reductions in depression are seen in exercise programs lasting
A. 8 wks/less B. !6 wk/more
C. 8-16 weeks D. all of the above
E. none of the above
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all of the above
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T/F: The analysis of a large epidemiological study done by Goodwin which shows that as levels of PA increased the likelihood of experiencing a depressive disorder decreased, reflected a dose response relationship
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True
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In the exercise depression study (Blumenthal, SMILE) which of the treatments had the best success considering the % of individuals that recovered/ partially recovered in the 6 mo period?
A. Medication group B. exercise group
C. Exercise=med group
D. all groups had similar success…
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exercise group
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Explanations for the depression-reducing effects of exercise include which of the following:
A. productions of endorphins that reduce pain sensation
B. development of a sense of mastery & self control through regular exercise
C. changes in neurotransmitter levels associated with …
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all of the above
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The fact that reductions in depression are seen when individuals are exercised in a laboratory environment by themselves argues against which of the following?
A. anthropological hypothesis
B. social interaction hypothesis
C. Endorphin hypothesis
D. mastery hypothesis
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social interaction
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Which hypothesis for the exercise-anxiety relationship relies on changes in temperature?
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thermogenic
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What is the optimal dosage of in terms of type, frequency, intensity, and duration needed for anxiety reduction?
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exercise of at least moderate intensity (>60% max) sustained for at least 20
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Difference between mental health and mental illness
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health - State of successful performance of mental function
illness- Collectively, all diagnosable mental disorders
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What % of adults suffer from some type mental health problem?
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21
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What % of adults suffer from some anxiety?
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16.4
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What is known for cross sectional & prospective studies associated with the relationship between (lack of) activity and anxiety?
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More PA= Better mental health, lower trait anxiety, lower risk of symptoms
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To reduce anxiety how long must exercise programs be?
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any duration
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What is the optimal dosage of in terms of type, frequency, intensity, and duration needed for anxiety reduction?
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exercise of at least moderate intensity (>60% max) sustained for at least 20
Aerobic exercise, acute exercise affects state anxiety, chronic- trait, light-moderate reduces anxiety, vigorous increases it or doesn’t change it
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What kind of exercise is best for anxiety reduction?
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aerobic
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Can exercise be useful in treatment of clinical exercise?
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Yes, in studies it is shown as working better than the placebo and equivalent to the medication
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Which hypothesis for the exercise-anxiety relationship relies on changes in temperature?
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thermogenic approach
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How long does exercise programs need to be to reduce depression?
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No particular length resulted in greater reductions
Longer programs showed increases _ in depression reduction
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What is the optimal dosage of in terms of type, frequency, intensity, and duration needed for depression reduction?
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Type: Modality doesn’t matter, at least 10wks, frequency: 3-5x/wk, intensity: aerobic 50-85, resistance training 80 duration: 30-60min, 45-60- is the best
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Symptoms associated with mild-moderate depression
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difficulty concentrating, d sleep, changes in appetite, fatigue, loss of energy
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What is the basis for anthropological hypothesis as a mechanism to explain the exercise-depression relationship?
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The relationship between PA & depression linked throughan evolutionary perspective
Human beings are designed to be physically active so health problems might occur when they live a sedentary lifestyle
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Which hypothesis for exercise-depression relies on changes in neuropeptide?
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Endorphin
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Definition of emotional wellbeing
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When positive affect> negative affect
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Emotion vs. mood vs affects
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Emotions are short, antecedents/causes of emotions can be identified, more intense and
Moods- longer course of time,come and go, sometimes unidentifiable cause,
Affect- always present, more variable, thought process not needed to precede it, reflexive response
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What was the rationale behind exercise-specific measures of affect/mood?
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Dissatisfaction with general measures: other measures were not sensitive to exercise stimuli and assuming that exercise has unique and distinct properties
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Primary vs. secondary exercise dependence
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exercise itself
to alter body composition
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What is the basis for the energy conservation-sympathetic arousal hypothesis?
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the effect of training is a decreased in sympathetic nervous system output (catecholamines), an increase in fitness can possibly result in a state of lethargy; this state is motivation to increase training dose less catecholamines are being produced
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Based on what is currently known, is exercise dependence a widespread problem?
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Difficult to study truly “dependent” exercisers
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What's the difference between active stressor and passive stressor?
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when the individual's response leads to particular outcome
individual has no bearing of outcome
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Can exercise training provide any useful benefits in the recovery process
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Yes, only when the stressor is no longer present
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Physiological toughness model: appraisal pattern (2)
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seeing it as a challenge: catecholamine response > cortisol response-- derived from a sense of control & expected success
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ch9 focus box
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spinal cord injury
would 9 mo exercise training program reduce their stress
reducing pain through exercise, reduced stress
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ch 10 focus box
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people with copd reported reduced anxiety when exercise was added to edu and stress management
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ch 11 focus box
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HIV and depression
depression decreased with exercise but 40% dropped out due to other factors being involved
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ch 12 focus box
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relationship between exercise intensity & affective/exertional responses to activity to understand adherence in obese individuals
imposed vs self selected exercise intensities in a group
high perceptions of exertion regard less if it was imposed or self selected but affective respon…
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KIN 340