43 Cards in this Set
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What is Public Health?
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Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health, and the quality of life
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Determinants of Health
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Racism, Lack of Coverage, Social Class, Wealth, Education, Resources
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What Killed us back then?
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TB, Influenza, Pneumonia, Polio
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What kills us now?
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Heart Disease, COPD, Cancer, Stroke, Accidents, Flu, Diabetes, Suicide, Kidney Disease, Alzheimers
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Primary Level of Prevention
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efforts that forestall onset of illness or injury before evidence of symptoms/signs
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Secondary Level of Prevention
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lead to early diagnosis & prompt treatment to limit disability, dependency, or severity
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Tertiary Level of Prevention
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Efforts aimed at rehab; treatment following significant prognosis
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Epidemiology
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Study and distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations; "population medicine"
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P
E
R
I
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Problem: burden of disease, (mortality,morbidity) look for patterns
Etiology- contributory causes, cause & effect
Recommendations- reducing the problem; what attention level
Implement-how can we get the job done
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Establishing Cause of Disease
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1. Cause is linked to effect "outcome"
2. Cause comes before effect
3. Changing the causes changes the effect
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Why do we measure quality of life?
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a) track diseases & conditions
b) monitor health & quality of life
c) identify protection & prevention
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How do we measure the QOL?
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Death (mortality)
Illness (morbidity)
Injury
Quality of life
Healthy days of life
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Incidence
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Number of new health related events or cases of a disease in a population exposed to that risk in a given time
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Prevalence
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Calculated by dividing all existing cases of a disease (new and old) by total population
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United States PH Trends
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1) Causes of Mortality (TB, Polio, Flu, Pneumonia, Diphtheria)
2) Life Expectancy
3) Increasing Health Disparities
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10 Great PH Achievements
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1) Vaccination
2) Vehicle Safety
3) Safer Workplaces
4) Control of Infectious Disease
5) Lower death by heart disease & stroke
6) Safer Foods
7) Healthier moms & babies
8) Family Planning
9) Fluoridation of drinking water
10) Recognized tobacco as health hazard
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"Social Justice"
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-Social distinguishes it from justice
- overall fairness in a society
- used to determine right, wrong, good, & bad
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"Market Justice"
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-Individual responsibility for health
-emphasis on well-being
-rationing based on ability to pay
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Governments role in PH
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-Power & duty to protect public's health & safety
-limits states power to constrain ind. rights
-pursue high levels of PH consistent w/ social justice
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Health Disparities HP10
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"differences that occur by gender, race, or ethnicity, education or income, disability, living in rural locations or sexual orientation."
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Health Vulnerabilities
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1) Lack of access to healthcare
2) Poverty
3) Discrimination
4) Environmental Factors
5) Location
6) Sexual Orientation
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Disparity
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containing or made up of fundamentally different & incongruous elements
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Vulnerable
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capable of being physically or emotionally wounded
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Infectious Disease
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any DZ caused by a pathogen (germ)
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Non-Infectious Disease
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Any DZ not caused by a pathogen (obesity, asthma, AD)
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Communicable Disease
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any infectious disease passable human-to-human
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Contagious Disease
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Very Very rapidly spreads, VERY communicable
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Direct Route of Transmission
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Skin-Skin (Herpes I)
Mucous-Mucous (STI)
Across Placenta
Breast Milk (HIV)
Sneeze-Cough (Influenza)
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Indirect Route of Transmission
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Food-Borne (Salmonella)
Water-Borne (Cholera)
Vector-Borne (Malaria)
Air Borne (Chicken Pox)
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Enviro. Factors on Disease
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Altered Environments (A/C)
Changes in food production
owning exotic pets
climate changes
deforestation
air travel
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Prevention and Control of Disease
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immunizations, getting tested, washing hands, antibiotics, water treatment, staying out of public if sick, rodent reduction, isolation/quarantine
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Emerging Diseases
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H1N1-H5N1
Sars (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
Monkey Pox
Ebola - Severe viral illness
Hantavirus - Mice Urine
Zoonotic - diseases caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted between animals & humans
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Toxicology
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study of effects of poisons
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Routes of Toxic Exposure
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absorption (skin)
inhalation
mouth ingestion
"The dose makes the poision"
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Types of Disasters
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Natural - Hurricanes, Tornadoes, Tsunamis
Man-Made: bombs, war, terrorism, biological war
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Why are disasters a PH Issue?
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a) Intervention
b) preparedness planning
c) puts general health @ risk
d) migration
e) biological agent can = disease
f) affects well being
g) hit water supply
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Federal Agencies & Disasters
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provide money for research, and clean up. Provide communication & risk information. health alert network
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Global Health Issues
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a) 1 out of 3 death worldwide is from infectious communicable disease
b) poor nutrition
c) vitamin & mineral defeciences
d) 1 out of every 4 Prek suffer from under nutrition
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Health Promotion
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-combination of educational and environmental supports for actions and living conducive to health
-broader than health education
-organized, purposeful
MACRO
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Health Education
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-usually embedded within promotion programs
-one tool or strategy
MICRO
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Macro Level
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interventions for a group of people, not directed at individuals
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Micro Level
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interventions - individualized
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Saunders Article
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-Have to look @ Behavior change
-individuals need skills in decision making & behavior modification techniques
-Discipline and training
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PUBH 102: Final