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endemic
the constant presence of disease or infectious agent within geographic area
epidemic
the occurrence of a disease in excess of normal expectancy
pandemic
an outbreak of a disease over a wide geographical area, such as a continent
rate
a measure of some event, disease, or condition in relation to a unit of population, along with some specification of time
incidence rate
the number of NEW health-related events or cases of a disease in a population exposed to that risk in a given time period
prevalence rate
calculated by dividing ALL current (existing) cases of a disease (old and new) by the total population
mortality rates
also know as mortality or fatality rates, often expressed as the number of deaths per 100,000
adjusted rate
a rate that is for total population but is statistically adjusted for a certain characteristic such as age ("age adjusted rate")
specific rate
rate for a particular population subgroup such as for a specific disease (disease-specific) or for a particular age of people (age-specific) ex: "African American colon cancer rate"
crude rates
those in which the denominator includes the total population
risk
probability (chance) an event will happen
risk factors/conditions
exposure that is statistically related in some way to an outcome
acute
signs and symptoms of short duration; usually sever and impair normal functioning
chronic
persists over time (more than 3 months)
primary prevention
action taken to avert occurrence of disease
secondary prevention
action taken to identify diseases at their earliest stages and to apply appropriate treatments to limit their consequences and severity
tertiary prevention
specific interventions to assist diseased or disabled persons in limiting the effects of their diseases or disabilities; also may include activities to prevent recurrence of a disease
physical health
absence of disease and disability; functioning adequately; physical condition of the body
emotional health
ability to feel and express full range of human emotions; express/control appropriately
social health
ability to interact/communicate effectively; connect with others; demonstrate respect/tolerance; sense of belonging
mental (intellectual) health
ability to make sound decisions and think critically; striving for continued person growth/learn new information
spiritual health
unifying force within individuals; meaning in life; common bond between individuals; individual perceptions of faith
environmental health
awareness of the environment's importance to health, as well as human influence on the environment

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