Chem 1211 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture I. Atomic SpectraII. Quantization StepsIII. Wave Nature of ElectronsOutline of Current Lecture I. Quantum numbersII. Energy of orbitalsCurrent LectureI. Quantum numbersa. n=row, or shellb. l= shape: s, p, d, f, g, hc. m= (-l … +l)d. spin number +1/2 or -1/2e. ConcepTest: Which orbital has the quantum numbers: ml= +1, l=+1, n=4?i. 4sii. 4piii. 4div. 3d1. ANSWER: ii (4p)2. REASONING: n is just the row. a. l- 0=s, 1=p, 2=d, 3=f, 4=gf. ConcepTest: What are acceptable quantum numbers for a 4d orbital?i. Answer: n=4, l= 2, mI=0ii. ml just has to be between –l and l (or in this case, -2 and 2)II. Energy of Orbitals (Aufbau Principle)a. Rule 1- fill starting with lowest order of (n+l)b. Rule 2- if (n+l) is the same, start with lower nc. ConcepTest: Which two orbitals have the same value for n+l?i. 2s, 2pThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. 2s, 3siii. 2p, 3piv. 2p, 3s1. ANSWER: iv (for 2p, add 2+1, and for 3s, add 3+0)d. ConcepTest: Place the orbitals 3d, 4s, 4p, and 5s in order of increasing energyi. ANSWER: 4s, 3d, 4p, 5sii. REASONING: find the energy level by adding n+l. 3d= 5, 4s= 4, 4p= 5, 5s=5. 4s is the lowest, and because the others have equal energies, you follow Rule 2 and put them in order of increasing n. e. ConcepTest: Which element has 3d orbitals occupied by electrons?i. Fii. Cliii. Briv. Kv. Ca1. ANSWER: iii (Br)2. REASONING: energy increases in order 1s2, 2s2, 3p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d, 4p3. According to periodic table, Br is in p block, and it is in the 4th row, so it is 4p. To get here, you must have filled 3df. What is the electron configuration for chlorine? i. 1s22s22p5ii. [He]2s22p5iii. 3s23p5iv. [Ne]3s23p5v. [Ne]3s13p61. ANSWER: [Ne]3s23p52. Reasoning: noble gases are completely filled. [He]= 1s2, [Ne]= 1s22s22p6. Chlorine is all of Neon plus 3s2 and 3p5g. Which transition metal has the electron configuration [Kr]4d55s1?i. ANSWER:
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