Chem 1211 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Balancing Equations Outline of Current Lecture I. Equilibrium reactionII. Aqueous solutionsCurrent LectureI. Equilibrium reactiona. The energy difference between the reactants and products is smallb. It is reversibleII. Aqueous solutionsa. Steps:i. Dissolve reactantsii. What happens when a solute dissolves? 1. Solute dissolves, solvent is what a solute dissolves into2. For an aqueous solution, the solvent is water3. Ionic compounds “form” ions b. Dissolving Dissolution i. On macroscopic level, we “see”ii. On microscopic level, someone has to tell youiii. Compounds after dissolving 1. Ionic compound ions2. Experiment: conductivity iv. ConcepTest: Which materials give the indicated result when subjected to the conductivity test?1. Sodium acetate, dimly lit bulb2. Table sugar or sucrose, unlit bulb3. Sulfuric acid, brightly lit bulba. ANSWER: 2 and 3b. Conductivity is determined by whether or not it dissolves, is ionic, is a strong/weak acid/base, etc.v. DissolvesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Ionic Compounds- NaCl dissolves2. Molecular Compounds- ethanol and sugar dissolve in water a. Oil does not (related to structure)3. Ka, K, Li, NH4, F, I, Br2 dissolvevi. ConcepTest: Which ionic compound containing lead is at least moderatelysoluble?1. Bromide 2. Sulfate3. Carbonatea. Answer: All are insolublevii. Insoluble ions are held together stronglyviii. ConcepTest: Which ionic compound containing silver is at least moderately soluble?1. Bromide2. Acetate3. Carbonatea. ANSWER: Bromide is insoluble, silver acetate is moderatelysoluble, and carbonate is insoluble III. Reactions related to solubilitya. Format: A+B- (soluble) + C+D- (soluble) AD(s) + CB(s) (precipitation)b. ConcepTest: PbF2 (s) + 2 NaCl (aq) PbCl2 (s) + 2 NaF (aq)i. This is not a precipitation; lead (II) chloride can’t formii. Reasoning: PbF2 and PbCl2 are not soluble, so ions will not swapc. Acid base i. strong acid: sulfuric, hydrochloricii. strong base: HO- (group IA)iii. weak acid: organiciv. weak base:
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