BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofitpublishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access tocritical research.Transfer of Dodecatheon to Primula (Primulaceae)Author(s) :Austin R. Mast and James L. RevealSource: Brittonia, 59(1):79-82. 2007.Published By: The New York Botanical GardenDOI: 10.1663/0007-196X(2007)59[79:TODTPP]2.0.CO;2URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1663/0007-196X%282007%2959%5B79%3ATODTPP%5D2.0.CO%3B2BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in thebiological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable onlineplatform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations,museums, institutions, and presses.Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated contentindicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use.Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercialuse. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to theindividual publisher as copyright holder.Recent molecular evidence from both thechloroplast (cpDNA; Källersjö et al., 2000;Mast et al., 2001, 2004, 2006; Trift et al.,2002) and nuclear (Martins et al., 2003)genomes is congruent with prior hypothesesbased on morphological and cytological evi-dence (Thompson, 1953; Wendelbo, 1961;Richards, 1993; Holmgren, 1994) that Dode-catheon L. (17 spp.) is most closely related toone of the seven subgenera of Primula L. (ca.430 spp.; Primulaceae). The study by Mast etal. (2004) represents the most extensive sam-pling of cpDNA characters (seven regions)and taxa within Dodecatheon (16 of the 17spp. recognized here) and the closely relatedPrimula subgen. Auriculastrum Schott (allfour sections sampled, three of them exhaus-tively) to date. In the cpDNA phylogeny in-ferred in that study, sampled members of Do-decatheon form a monophyletic group (97%bootstrap frequency) that is sister to the onlyspecies of Primula sect. Suffrutescens A. J.Richards (100% bootstrap frequency) of P.subgen. Auriculastrum. The study by Martinset al. (2003) represents the most completesampling of nuclear DNA (in this case, thetwo internal transcribed spacers of the nu-clear ribosomal DNA) and subgenera ofPrimula (five of seven) to date. In the nuclearDNA phylogeny inferred in that study, thesingle sampled species of Dodecatheon issister to the single sampled species of P. sub-gen. Auriculastrum (100% bootstrap fre-quency). Thus, DNA sampling of two in-dependent ‘linkage partitions’ (sensuSlowinski & Page, 1999) is congruent in sup-port of the conclusion that Primula is para-phyletic with respect to Dodecatheon.While the buzz-pollinated flowers of Do-decatheon distinguish the lineage from othersin Primula, individuals of Dodecatheon insterile, pre-anthetic, and fruiting stages arestrikingly similar to members of P. subgen.Auriculastrum. Both groups have membersthat grow in moist alpine meadows and alongstreamsides, have chromosome numbers of2n = 44, and produce valvate capsules on longscapes arising from a rosette of fleshy, lance-Transfer of Dodecatheon to Primula (Primulaceae)Austin R. Mast1and James L. Reveal21Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, U.S.A.; e-mail: [email protected] of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815, U.S.A. and The New York Botani-cal Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126, U.S.A.; mailing address: 18625 Spring Canyon Road,Montrose, Colorado 81401-7906, U.S.A.; e-mail: [email protected]. Phylogenies inferred from both chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions haveplaced the small genus Dodecatheon (the shooting stars; 17 spp.) among the descen-dants of the most recent common ancestor of Primula (the primroses; ca. 430 spp.).This is congruent with conclusions previously derived from morphology and cytol-ogy. We illustrate how failure to formalize this information in the circumscription ofPrimula might have impeded understanding of the evolution of distyly (as seen inPrimula) and buzz-pollination (as seen in Dodecatheon). To avoid future confusion,we make new combinations for Dodecatheon in Primula, and erect Primula sect.Dodecatheon in Primula subgenus Auriculastrum for the taxa from Dodecatheon.Key words: Buzz-pollination, distyly, Dodecatheon, heterostyly, Primula, Primu-laceae.Brittonia, 59(1), 2007, pp. 79–82. ISSUED: 30 March 2007© 2007, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A.shaped leaves with involute vernation(Thompson, 1953). Furthermore, Thompson(p. 75) noted that D. jeffreyi Van Houtte andP. parryi A. Gray (a member of P. subgen.Auriculastrum) are “virtually indistinguish-able when the corollas and inserted anthersare removed.” Both Dodecatheon and P. sub-gen. Auriculastrum occur in western NorthAmerica, though each is also found else-where (one sp. of Dodecatheon extendsacross the Bering Strait; P. subgen. Auricu-lastrum is also found in Pacific coastal Asiaand in Europe). Some previous authors (e.g.,Pax, 1889) grouped Dodecatheon at the tribalrank (as Cyclameae Dumort.) with anotherbuzz-pollinated genus, the Mediterraneangenus Cyclamen L., which was still then con-sidered part of the family (c.f., Källersjö etal., 2000). However, recent authors (Thomp-son, 1953; Wendelbo, 1961; Richards, 1993,2002; Holmgren, 1994) have taken the geo-graphical, morphological, and cytologicalsimilarities as evidence for a close phyloge-netic relationship between Dodecatheon andPrimula, and interpreted floral similaritiesbetween Dodecatheon and Cyclamen as dueto convergence on buzz-pollination.Dodecatheon is one of four genera com-posed of species that have been segregatedfrom Primula but that are inferred to be de-scended from the most recent common an-cestor (MRCA) of Primula using morpholog-ical and cytological (Wendelbo, 1961),cpDNA (Källersjö et al., 2000; Mast et al.,2001, 2004, 2006; Trift et al., 2002), and nu-clear DNA (Martins et al., 2003) evidence.Like 92% of species in Primula, one of thefour segregated genera, Dionysia Fenzl (ca.50 spp. of mostly cushion plants from theMiddle East; Grey-Wilson, 1989; Trift et al.,2004), is distylous. In distylous plants, a ge-netic polymorphism produces two floraltypes: the “pin” morph has stigmas high
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