Molecular Evidence of Sugarcane Evolution and DomesticationPoaceae: Andropogoneae: Saccarum officinarum x S.spontaneumHistory of Sugar www.plantcultures.orgSugar todayHistorical theoriesPowerPoint PresentationSlide 7Slide 8Slide 9“Sweet” questionsRecent workMolecular Evidence of Sugarcane Evolution and DomesticationRachel Jabaily and Maggie Koopmanhttp://www.travellerspoint.com/photos/41787/sugar%20cane,%20yum!.jpghttp://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/images/volume4/Saccharumvariegated.jpgPoaceae: Andropogoneae: Saccarum officinarum x S.spontaneumusers.chello.behttp://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/~stueber/koehler/ZUCKER.jpg11. Hawaiian sugarcane varietieshttp://www.travelwithachallenge.com/Images/Travel_Article_Library/Hawaii/Gay-and-Robinson/Hawaii-Sugar-Cane-Varieties.jpgHistory of Sugar www.plantcultures.org•Arabic “sukkar” and Sanskrit “sharkara” •Originally cultivated in New Guinea (6000 BC), but crop mainly developed in India•Traditionally used in Indian in religious ceremonies and to treat leprosy/gallstones. Referred to in Sanskrit texts from 600 BC.•Chewed initially, then boiled for sweet water.•Arab traders moved to Egypt and the Mediterranean. Major trading ports in Italy.•Planted in the New World 15 years after ColumbusSugar today•Brazil, India, China, Thailand, Pakistan, Mexico, Australia top producers•70% cane, 30% beet (but really, mostly HFCS)Historical theories•Role of S. barberi, S. sinense in cultivation•Crossing between Saccharum and other genera? (Erianthus, Miscanthus, Sclerostacha, Narenga)•Interspecific hybrid origin of S. officinarumS. robustumS. officinarumS. barberiS. sinenseS. spontaneumxS. barberi http://ecocrop.fao.org/ECPix/000009/9432.jpg. S. sinensehttp://digitalis.mobot.orgS. eduleModern cultivarsS. officinarum (female) S. spontaneum (male)F1High sugar cultivarNobelization-occurred in the 19th century in Java and India from just a few initial clonesQuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressorare needed to see this picture.S. robustum, S. officinarum x8S. spontaneum x10 (highly variable chromosome number)“Sweet” questions•How does the mode of crop reproduction (ie. Clonal vs. seed setting) contribute to the genetics of domestication?•Does high ploidy number correspond to high sweetness?•There seems to be a lack of data on “wild” populations of some of these species/cultivars. Does information on localities/amount confuse or help clarify the picture?•How were researchers initially misled by morphology/flavenoid data and what other problems can high ploidy number create when trying to study the origin of crops?•Do we know anything about the selection of S. robustum clones to produce S. officinarum?Recent work•Genome mapping with AFLP markers (Hoarau et al 2001)•QTL analysis of cultivars (Hoarau et al
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