Molecular Evidence of Sugarcane Evolution and Domestication http www botgard ucla edu html MEMBGNewsletter images volume4 Saccharu mvariegated jpg Rachel Jabaily and Maggie Koopman http www travellerspoint com photos 41787 sugar 20cane 20yum jpg Poaceae Andropogoneae Saccarum officinarum x S spontaneum users chello be 11 Hawaiian sugarcane varieties http www travelwithachallenge com Images Travel Article Library Hawaii Gay andRobinson Hawaii Sugar Cane Varieties jpg http caliban mpiz koeln mpg de stueber koehler ZUCKER jpg History of Sugar www plantcultures org Arabic sukkar and Sanskrit sharkara Originally cultivated in New Guinea 6000 BC but crop mainly developed in India Traditionally used in Indian in religious ceremonies and to treat leprosy gallstones Referred to in Sanskrit texts from 600 BC Chewed initially then boiled for sweet water Arab traders moved to Egypt and the Mediterranean Major trading ports in Italy Planted in the New World 15 years after Columbus Sugar today Brazil India China Thailand Pakistan Mexico Australia top producers 70 cane 30 beet but really mostly HFCS Historical theories Role of S barberi S sinense in cultivation Crossing between Saccharum and other genera Erianthus Miscanthus Sclerostacha Narenga Interspecific hybrid origin of S officinarum S sinense S sinense http digitalis mobot org S barberi S spontaneum x Modern cultivars S barberi http ecocrop fao org ECPix 000009 9432 jpg S robustum S edule S officinarum Nobelization S officinarum female High sugar cultivar S spontaneum male F1 occurred in the 19th century in Java and India from just a few initial clones QuickTime and a TIFF LZW decompressor are needed to see this picture S robustum S officinarum x8 S spontaneum x10 highly variable chromosome number Sweet questions How does the mode of crop reproduction ie Clonal vs seed setting contribute to the genetics of domestication Does high ploidy number correspond to high sweetness There seems to be a lack of data on wild populations of some of these species cultivars Does information on localities amount confuse or help clarify the picture How were researchers initially misled by morphology flavenoid data and what other problems can high ploidy number create when trying to study the origin of crops Do we know anything about the selection of S robustum clones to produce S officinarum Recent work Genome mapping with AFLP markers Hoarau et al 2001 QTL analysis of cultivars Hoarau et al 2002
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