Chapter 10- Interest GroupsDefining Interest GroupsSlide 3Role & Functions of Interest GroupsThe Growth of Interest GroupsIncreased Demands on GovernmentDiversity of Organized InterestsSlide 8Economic Interest Groups (#2)Slide 10Slide 11Coalitions and DivisionsInterest Group Formation and MaintenanceObstacles of Interest Group FormationSlide 15Overcoming Obstacles to Interest Group FormationThree Benefits from Interest GroupsSlide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Interest Group (IG) MaintenanceInterest Group BiasInterest Group StrategiesIG Strategy #1: Political Action CommitteesCreating Political Action Committees (PACs)Growth in Political Action Committees (PACs), 1974-2004PAC Spending 2003-2004Changes in PAC Contributions to CongressSlide 30Changes in PAC Contributions to Congress- Recent ComparisonIG Strategy #2: Lobbying the GovernmentLobbying the Government (#2)Slide 34Slide 35Lobbying to Mobilize Public OpinionSlide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42IG Strategy #3: LitigatingInterest Group InfluenceSlide 45Internal Factors => (4):The Balance Sheet on Interest GroupsSlide 48Calls for ReformThe Contributions of Interest Groups:Next Class AssignmentInterest Group KEY TERMSInterest Group KEY TERMS (2)Chapter 10- Chapter 10- Interest GroupsInterest Groups •(1). Define what an (1). Define what an Interest GroupInterest Group is, and contrast its functions with is, and contrast its functions with political partiespolitical parties..•(2). Examine the role, characteristics, growth, and diverse types of (2). Examine the role, characteristics, growth, and diverse types of Interest Groups.Interest Groups.•(3). Explain how Interest Groups are formed and maintained, and discuss (3). Explain how Interest Groups are formed and maintained, and discuss the obstacles.the obstacles.•(4). Examine the (4). Examine the strategiesstrategies of Interest Groups and of Interest Groups and Political Action Political Action Committees (PACs)Committees (PACs)..•(5). Discuss the role and function of (5). Discuss the role and function of lobbyistslobbyists & examine the & examine the various various typestypes of of lobbyinglobbying..•(6). Examine the role of (6). Examine the role of Interest GroupsInterest Groups in in litigationlitigation,, and define and define amicus amicus curiaecuriae..•(7). Analyze influence of Interest Groups, and contrast (7). Analyze influence of Interest Groups, and contrast externalexternal & & internal factorsinternal factors..•(8). Assess the overall positive & negative impact of (8). Assess the overall positive & negative impact of Int. Groups Int. Groups on the on the political process.political process.•(9). (9). Prepare for Midterm Exam (Chapters 1-10)Prepare for Midterm Exam (Chapters 1-10)..InterestGroupsAn organized group of people who share some goals and try to influence public policy.Defining Defining Interest GroupsInterest GroupsInterest Groups Versus Political Parties Purpose & priorities of Political Party? Purpose & priorities of Interest Group?Five MainFunctions ofInterest Groups?Represen-tationPoliticalParticipationEducationAgendaBuildingProgrammingMonitoringRole & Functions of Role & Functions of Interest GroupsInterest Groups •Five main functionsFive main functions of of Interest Groups:Interest Groups:–RepresentationRepresentation – – interest of membersinterest of members–Political ParticipationPolitical Participation – – enable people to participateenable people to participate•Government and PoliticsGovernment and Politics–EducationEducation – – members, public, & government officialsmembers, public, & government officials•About issues of interest & why IG goals should be supportedAbout issues of interest & why IG goals should be supported–Agenda building-Agenda building- push new issues onto public agendapush new issues onto public agenda•Examples: Consumer protection & Veterans issuesExamples: Consumer protection & Veterans issues–Program Monitoring-Program Monitoring- watch how laws are administeredwatch how laws are administered•Assess Federal or State Government regulation Assess Federal or State Government regulationThe Growth of Interest GroupsThe Growth of Interest Groups •History & evolution ofHistory & evolution of “ “factionsfactions””–De Tocqueville’sDe Tocqueville’s observations observations “forming associations”“forming associations”–Anti-slavery association of 1833Anti-slavery association of 1833–National Woman Suffrage Association of 1869National Woman Suffrage Association of 1869–The Grange of 1860sThe Grange of 1860s (anti-Railroad monopolies) (anti-Railroad monopolies) •Significant Significant Interest GroupInterest Group (IG) (IG) growth since 1942:growth since 1942:–From 600 From 600 IGsIGs in 1942 to => 7000+ in 1995 in 1942 to => 7000+ in 1995Why the growth of Interest Groups?Increased Demands on GovernmentIncreased Demands on Government•More demands of public placed on Government:More demands of public placed on Government:–Civil Right & Anti-Vietnam War LegacyCivil Right & Anti-Vietnam War Legacy– Improvements & advances in technologyImprovements & advances in technology–Rise of Rise of new issuesnew issues almost every day almost every dayWhat are the different types of Interest Groups?Diversity of Organized InterestsDiversity of Organized Interests •Three general categories of Interest Groups:Three general categories of Interest Groups:–Economic Interest GroupsEconomic Interest Groups–Citizen Interest GroupsCitizen Interest Groups–Government Interest GroupsGovernment Interest Groups •Examine each in greater detail=>Examine each in greater detail=>Business GroupsOrganized LaborAgricultural GroupsProfessional AssociationsEconomic Interest Groups (#1)Four types:Economic Interest Groups (#2)Economic Interest Groups (#2)•1.1. BusinessBusiness- (Chamber of Commerce, NAM) - (Chamber of Commerce, NAM) –Trade AssociationsTrade Associations (Alliance of Automobile Man.) (Alliance of Automobile Man.)•2.2. Organized LaborOrganized Labor – (AFL-CIO, Amer. Fed. Of Teachers)– (AFL-CIO, Amer. Fed. Of Teachers)•3.3. Agricultural GroupsAgricultural Groups-- –(American Farm Bureau(American Farm Bureau-large farms)-large farms)–(National Farmer’s Union(National Farmer’s Union – smaller farms – smaller farms))–Specific commodities – (corn, hog, etc.)Specific commodities – (corn, hog,