Chapter 18- Foreign Policy (FP)US Foreign Policy (FP) A Brief HistoryBrief History of U.S. Foreign PolicyThe Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine (1823)World War IWorld War II“Air Raid Pearl Harbor” 7 December 1941Globalism Era => The Cold WarContainmentSlide 11Cold War Military AlliancesCold War Heats UpKorean WarUS versus USSR- The Indirect ApproachCounter Insurgency (CI)“Americanization” of Vietnam War (1965-1968)The “Tet” Offensive- 1968Exit StrategyDétente’Reagan &“The Evil Empire”After the Cold WarForeign Policy Under George W. BushForeign Policy (FP) Versus Domestic Policy (DP)1. The Constitution and Foreign Policy2. The President’s Inherent Advantages3. Precedent4. Supreme Court Rulings5. Behavior of CongressNext AssignmentWho Makes U.S. Foreign Policy?Foreign Policy PowerThe White House & NSCNational Security Council (NSC)Foreign Policy BureaucracyThe Foreign Policy BureaucracyIntelligence communityCongress & Foreign PolicyCongress & Foreign Policy (2)Public Opinion & Foreign PolicyImpact of Public Opinion on Foreign PolicyChallenges of the Post–Cold War EraUS Defense Spending (in $$$: 1962-2010)DOD Budget (as % of GDP)Future Challenges to US Foreign PolicySlide 46Potential Problems in US Foreign Policy for 21st CenturyThe Last Assignment:Chapter 18: KEY TERMSChapter 18: KEY TERMS (2)Chapter 18: KEY TERMS (3)11Chapter 18- Foreign Policy Chapter 18- Foreign Policy (FP)(FP) •(1). Outline history of(1). Outline history of US Foreign Policy (FP)US Foreign Policy (FP) fromfrom isolationismisolationism thru thru Cold WarCold War toto post-post-Cold WarCold War era era..•(2). Define the following key (2). Define the following key FPFP terms: terms: Monroe Doctrine, globalism, containment Monroe Doctrine, globalism, containment Truman Doctrine, NATO, 3rd World, détente, enlargementTruman Doctrine, NATO, 3rd World, détente, enlargement,, and and neo-isolationismneo-isolationism. . •(3). Define(3). Define national interestnational interest;; contrast decision making for contrast decision making for FPFP w/that for w/that for domestic domestic policypolicy..•(4). Discuss the(4). Discuss the enumeratedenumerated & & implied powersimplied powers set by the set by the ConstitutionConstitution for making for making FP.FP.•(5). Examine the (5). Examine the inherent advantageinherent advantage of the of the President President in making in making foreign policyforeign policy..•(6). Outline the role of the(6). Outline the role of the White House, the Bureaucracy, the CongressWhite House, the Bureaucracy, the Congress, , and and the the PublicPublic in shaping American in shaping American foreign policy. foreign policy.•(7). Discuss the(7). Discuss the US National SecurityUS National Security structure and keystructure and key DOD DOD organizationsorganizations & leaders& leaders..•(8). Discuss Foreign Policy challenges facing the U.S. in the Post-Cold War era.(8). Discuss Foreign Policy challenges facing the U.S. in the Post-Cold War era.•(9). Assess the future direction of(9). Assess the future direction of US National Security PolicyUS National Security Policy andand Military StrategyMilitary Strategy,, required militaryrequired military Force Levels, Mission Creep, Multi-nationalism, WMDForce Levels, Mission Creep, Multi-nationalism, WMD, , andand BMDBMD..•(10). Discuss current foreign policy issues and their political impact on the U.S.(10). Discuss current foreign policy issues and their political impact on the U.S.- - War on Terrorism; - War with Iraq;War on Terrorism; - War with Iraq; - North Korea; - Arab-Israeli conflict - North Korea; - Arab-Israeli conflict - Domestic economic slump; - the uncertain future;- Domestic economic slump; - the uncertain future;22 1798-1941 The Isolationist Era1942-1945 World War II (start of “Globalism”)1990-present Post-Cold War1946-1989 The Cold WarUS Foreign Policy (FP)A Brief HistoryBrief HistoryNew category after 9/11/2001 Let’s examine these periods in greater detail33Brief History of U.S. Foreign PolicyBrief History of U.S. Foreign Policy•Isolationism*A foreign policy built on the principle of avoiding formal military and political alliances with other countries.•The Isolationist Era–1st 150 yrs of US History • Adherence to guidance of Washington’s Farwell address• Stressed avoiding political connections overseas•Pursue commercial trade ties only–US militarily weak & focused on expansion westward–Not interested in global role (2 oceans of separation)•What FP Doctrine* asserted US interests for the first time outside America, primarily throughout Western Hemisphere (1823)?44The Monroe DoctrineA basic principle of U.S. foreign policy that dates back to a warning President James Monroe issued in 1823 that the United States would resist further European efforts to intervene in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.55Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine (1823) (1823)•Invoked 1895: early Invoked 1895: early FPFP involvement outside US involvement outside US–AimAim: Protect US interest in : Protect US interest in Western HemisphereWestern Hemisphere•US involvement overseas primarily in US involvement overseas primarily in LATAMLATAM–US Military Intervention escalated beginning in 1900:66World War IWorld War I•US deviated from Isolationism briefly during WWIWW1 (W. Wilson)=> make world “safe for democracy” After WW1=> isolationism returns w/vengeance  Senate rejects League of Nations & Versailles treaty  Sets the stage for next global war => ?77World War II• WWII=> US stays out of War as Hitler first attacks–Why does US change its mind about involvement?88““Air Raid Pearl Harbor” Air Raid Pearl Harbor” 7 December 19417 December 1941Impact on American Public Opinion?Following WWII=> US rethinks previous isolationism99Globalism EraGlobalism Era => => The The Cold WarCold War •GlobalismGlobalism::–US should be prepared to use military force around the US should be prepared to use military force around the globe to protect its political & economic interestsglobe to protect its political & economic interests•Following WWII => Following WWII => who emerges as primary who emerges as primary thereat to US political & military interest?thereat to US political & military interest?•Presidential doctrine formulated as a result?Presidential doctrine formulated as a result?•Truman