Chapter 18 Foreign Policy FP 1 Outline history of US Foreign Policy FP from isolationism thru Cold War to post Cold War era 2 Define the following key FP terms Monroe Doctrine globalism containment Truman Doctrine NATO 3rd World d tente enlargement and neo isolationism 3 Define national interest contrast decision making for FP w that for domestic policy 4 Discuss the enumerated implied powers set by the Constitution for making FP 5 Examine the inherent advantage of the President in making foreign policy 6 Outline the role of the White House the Bureaucracy the Congress and the Public in shaping American foreign policy 7 Discuss the US National Security structure and key DOD organizations leaders 8 Discuss Foreign Policy challenges facing the U S in the Post Cold War era 9 Assess the future direction of US National Security Policy and Military Strategy required military Force Levels Mission Creep Multi nationalism WMD and BMD 10 Discuss current foreign policy issues and their political impact on the U S War on Terrorism War with Iraq North Korea Arab Israeli conflict Domestic economic slump the uncertain future 1 US Foreign Policy FP A Brief History 1798 1941 The Isolationist Era 1942 1945 World War II start of Globalism 1946 1989 The Cold War 1990 present Post Cold War New category after 9 11 2001 Let s examine these periods in greater detail 2 Brief History of U S Foreign Policy Isolationism A foreign policy built on the principle of avoiding formal military and political alliances with other countries The Isolationist Era 1st 150 yrs of US History Adherence to guidance of Washington s Farwell address Stressed avoiding political connections overseas Pursue commercial trade ties only US militarily weak focused on expansion westward Not interested in global role 2 oceans of separation What FP Doctrine asserted US interests for the first time outside America primarily throughout Western Hemisphere 1823 3 The Monroe Doctrine A basic principle of U S foreign policy that dates back to a warning President James Monroe issued in 1823 that the United States would resist further European efforts to intervene in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere 4 Monroe Doctrine 1823 Invoked 1895 early FP involvement outside US Aim Protect US interest in Western Hemisphere US involvement overseas primarily in LATAM US Military Intervention escalated beginning in 1900 5 World War I US deviated from Isolationism briefly during WWI WW1 W Wilson make world safe for democracy After WW1 isolationism returns w vengeance Senate rejects League of Nations Versailles treaty 6 Sets the stage for next global war World War II WWII US stays out of War as Hitler first attacks Why does US change its mind about involvement 7 Air Raid Pearl Harbor 7 December 1941 Impact on American Public Opinion Following WWII US rethinks previous isolationism 8 Globalism Era The Cold War Globalism US should be prepared to use military force around the globe to protect its political economic interests Following WWII who emerges as primary thereat to US political military interest Presidential doctrine formulated as a result Truman Doctrine US would actively oppose communists attempts to overthrow or conquer non communist nations US Foreign Policy that emerged from the Truman Doctrine 9 Containment A bedrock principle of U S foreign policy from mid 1940s to early 1990s that emphasized the need to contain any further Soviet territorial communist ideological expansion What was the economic instrument of Containment Marshall Plan US commitment to rebuild Europe 100 Billion appropriated for task in today s Soviets initially invited to participate reaction 10 ID EO LO Soviet Threat G Y Co nt ai GE O P ST O R A L IT TE ICA GI L C nm en t M IL IT AR Y What was the military instrument of Containment 11 Cold War Military Alliances NATO Warsaw Pact 12 Cold War Heats Up As Soviets become more aggressive US becomes more concerned Conduct major National Security reassessment NSC 68 National Security Strategy for Containment Concludes a major increase in defense spending required Truman administration balks at high price tag So NSC 68 filed in bottom drawer of someone s safe Then what major military event occurred in June 1950 13 Korean War From US perspective Soviets engaged indirectly through NK China 14 US versus USSR The Indirect Approach Competition at margins the 3rd World US primary Foreign Policy goal Prevent potential falling dominoes Major test of this goal Vietnam War US Ike supports French in SE Asia Aim Contain Soviet expansion in SEA US view of most global crises conflicts Most viewed as Soviet communist inspired USSR China North Vietnam South Vietnam s guerilla insurgents How does the US JFK initially deal with South Vietnam s insurgency 15 Counter Insurgency CI JFK sends Special Forces SEAL advisors to conduct CI LBJ expands US involvement following 1964 Tonkin Gulf incident 16 16 Americanization of Vietnam War 1965 1968 Conventional US Troops take over fighting for SVN Reach high point of 540 000 US troops by 1969 The majority of Americans support US policy the war until 1968 17 The Tet Offensive 1968 The light at the end of the tunnel becomes a speeding train s headlight Americans become disillusioned with continuing the War as it s bought home to them up front personal 18 Look for a way out of Vietnam with honor Exit Strategy US involvement reached high point by late 1968 America became acutely divided over war Following Tet Offensive most Americans just wanted out Seeking a way out of quagmire Nixon comes to power with secret plan to get out Vietnamization allow Peace with Honor February 1973 Peace Accords signed War turned over to SVN US military forces withdraw 1975 Peace w o Honor the Vietnam Syndrome Nixon sought Soviet help to get US out of Vietnam Aim Get Soviets China to push North Vietnam to peace talks Pursues easing of tensions between two superpowers called 19 D tente A policy of Nixon administration followed to develop more cordial relations with the Soviet Union Aimed in part in enlisting Soviet support to assist US in getting North Vietnam back to peace table serious negotiations So that US could get out of Vietnam with honor D tente lasted until 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in late 1979 Carter brought USSoviet D tente to an abrupt end US Soviet relations declined even more when Ronald Reagan took office Evil Empire Speech 20 Reagan The Evil Empire Reagan pursues hard line with the Soviets A corrupt USSR